Public grievance redressal mechanism(PGRM)
Why need arises?
* Grievance means complaint and redressal means to solve/to address.
* PGRM mechanism to solve peoples complaint regarding functioning&/ policy of gov. officials.
* Also, Public participation is necessary to make governance effective by officials and political leadership e.g poor road conditions .pot holes, PDS system.
* To make public service delivery system more citizen centric.
* a large amount of gov. machinery is involved in various activities like allocation of passports, banking, collection of taxes, railway, education ,health etc which are prone to grievances.
Steps taken:
* Government in order to solve the issue of grievance redressal, it has moved towards use of ICT(information & communication technology) or say e-gov.
* Government has design a software CENTRTALISED PUBLIC GRIEVACE REDRESS & MONITORING SYSTEM (CPGRAMS) which is made operational in all ministries/department.
* CPGRAMS uses internet based ICT to enable all central ministeries/dept/ to handle multilevel & multifarious grievance related data and to compare/collate data to improve public service delivery system.
* Department of administrative reforms & public grievance(DARPG):
* Works under ministry of personnel, public grievances &pension.
* It is chief policy making, monitoring and coordinating dept. for public grievances arising from the work of ministries/dept. or organizations in GoI.
* The public grievance dept. of DARPG fulfills following responsibilities:
1. Issue of policy guidelines for redress of public grievances.
2. Issue of policy guidelines for redress of staff grievances.
3. Emphasizing on service delivery improvements by making citizen charter more effective with provisions for information & facilation counters.
4. Emphasizing on using grievances for making systemic improvements.
* Following Works are done by public grievances dept. for policy, monitoring and co-ordination:
1. Policy formulation role: policy formulator & facilitator to form new policy to meet needs and challenges.
2. Monitoring role: act as an external agency and review the status of pending grievances in all central ministries/dept.
3. Coordinating role: coordinate all central dept/ministries through CPGRAMS. A citizen are free to lodge their complain to dept. concerned or to DARPG through CPGRAMS. Also free to lodge complaint by post on any plain sheet/post card/inland letter. Grievance received by post is lodge on to CPGRAMS and then transfer to respected dept.
4. SEVOTTAM framework: To bring systematic improvement in public service delivery system DARPG conducted various field visit and interaction with citizen group,workshops ,consequently SEVOTTAM was form. It includes with major task CITIZEN CHARTER,PUBLIC GRIEVANCE REDRESS,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY CAPABILITY.
1. Organisation structure for public grievances: Apart from DARPG,there other dept. who are assign these task :
1. A public wing in rashtrapati bhawan secretariat & its website
2. A public in PMO.
3. The directorate of public grievances in cabinet secretariat.
4. The department of pension and pensions welfare.
Best practice:
* SWAGAT online:
* State-Wide Attention on public Grievance by Application of Technology.
* Enable direct communication between Citizen and CM.
* It is online grievance redressal system helps to seek redressal of pending greivances of common men once a month.
* It is 3-tier grievance redressal system in gujarat: taluka,district, state level.
* Grievances are done reviewed by CM himself.
How it works:
* Grievances are logged in, transmitted and made available online to the officers concerned who have to reply within 3 to 4 hours.
* The departments concerned then have to be ready with the replies, before 3 p.m., when the Chief Minister holds video conference with all the districts concerned.
* Applicants are called one by one and the chief minister examines each complaint in detail.
* The information sent by the department is also reviewed online in the presence of the complainant and the Collector/District Development Officer/Superintendent of Police and other officials concerned.
* Attempts are made to offer a fair and acceptable solution on the same day and no applicant has ever left without any firm reply to his grievance.
* SANJOG helpline:
* Works on toll free telephone networks & web interface
* Multilingual
* SMS & fax modem enabled
* GIS based performance analysis.
* Citizen will call to the toll free number and will register the complain
* The Call center executive will register the complain and will generate a ticket id
number and will send the grievance to the 1st escalating authority throw sms, e-mail
and fax.
* The Authorities if solving the problem within the time provided can close and update
the status, otherwise the issue will auto escalate to the next authority as per the
system configuration.
ref:
http://pgportal.gov.in/
http://dpg.gov.in/
http://www.narendramodi.in/
http://sanjoghelpline.in/website/home.html
by -
dhrumil soni
Showing posts with label ICT. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ICT. Show all posts
Monday, January 13, 2014
e-Governance: Opportunities, Challenges & Strategies
Definition of e-Governance
E-governance is the application of information & communication technologies to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational & transactional exchanges with in government, between govt. & govt. agencies of National, State, Municipal & Local levels, citizen & businesses, and to empower citizens through access & use of information.
What e-government is NOT! :
Terms such as data resale, digital democracy, e-politics etc. are also frequently mentioned within the same breath as e-government. Neither of these terms, however, observes the principle of leveraging the Internet to simplify government. Digital democracy is, in fact, e-politics rather than e-government; that is, leveraging the Internet to simplify the election process (rather than government). It is important that these terms not muddle the objectives of e-government.
e-governance evolution : History and Present Status
The GoI initiated an e-government programme during the late 1990s by adopting the Information Technology Act in 2000. The major aims of this act were to recognise electronic contracts, prevent cyber crimes, and make electronic filing possible. Later in 2006, the govt approved the national e-governance plan (NeGP) to enhance e-govt initiatives in India. It was launched with aim of improving the delivery of govt services to the common people in their localities through common services centre (CSC)s, which were set across the country. In feb 2012, about 97,159 CSCs were operational with different names and they had delivering services to the people.
Following are some of the recent e-governance projects implemented by various state govts.
Some E-governance Initiatives
State/Union TerritoryInitiatives covering departmental automation, user charge collection, delivery of policy/programme information and delivery of entitlements
Andhra Pradeshe-Seva, CARD, VOICE, MPHS, FAST, e-Cops, AP onlineOne-stop-shop on the Internet, Saukaryam, Online Transaction processing
BiharSales Tax Administration Management Information
ChattisgarhChhattisgarh Infotech Promotion Society, Treasury office, e-linking project
DelhiAutomatic Vehicle Tracking System, Computerisation of website of RCS office, Electronic Clearance System, Management Information System for Education etc
GoaDharani Project
GujaratMahiti Shakti, request for Government documents online, Form book online, G R book online, census online, tender notice.
HaryanaNai Disha
Himachal PradeshLok Mitra
KarnatakaBhoomi, Khajane, Kaveri
Keralae-Srinkhala, RDNet, Fast, Reliable, Instant, Efficient Network for the Disbursement of Services (FRIENDS)
Madhya PradeshGyandoot, Gram Sampark, Smart Card in Transport Department, Computerization MP State Agricultural Marketing Board (Mandi Board) etc
MaharashtraSETU, Online Complaint Management SystemMumbai
RajasthanJan Mitra, RajSWIFT, Lokmitra, RajNIDHI
Tamil NaduRasi MaiyamsKanchipuram; Application forms related to public utility, tender notices and display
North-Eastern States
Arunachal Pradesh,Community Information Center. Forms available on
Manipur, Meghalaya, the Meghalaya website under schemes related to
Mizoram & Nagalandsocial welfare, food civil supplies and consumer affairs, housing transport etc.
Key Opportunities offered by e-governance:
(1) Increased effectiveness and efficiency-
Improved government services in terms of accomplishing the government spurpose and functioning.
(2) Better service-
E-governance can provide quick and timely services to stalkholder.
(3) Transparency-
The services provide directly from the government to recipients without any external interventions.
(4) Accessible any time and anywhere-
As e-governanace services are provided through web-enabled technology, they can be accessed anytime and anywhere.
(5) User-centric ICT-enabled services-
The services are primarily intended for the use of citizens, businesses , and the government itself.
(6) Reduced cost and time -
As the services are provided through internet , they are effective in terms of time and cost.
(7) Reduced bureaucracy-
E-governance minimizes the hierarchy of authorithy for availing any government services.
(8) Enhanced communication and co-ordination between govt organistions-
As automated services can be accessed by different organizations, co-ordination and further communication become relatively simple.
Challenges and barriers -
(1) Lack of IT Literacy and awareness regarding benefits of e-governance -
There is general lack of awareness regarding benefits of e-governance as well as the process involved in implementing successful G-C, G-G and G-B projects. The administrative structure is not geared for maintaining, storing and retrieving the governance information electronically.
(2) Underutilization of existing ICT infrastructure-
To a larger extent, the computers in the department are used for the purpose of word processing only, resulting in the underutilization of the computers in terms of their use in data mining for supporting management decisions.
(3) Lack of trust-
Variance in the degree of reliance on e-government services
(4) Digital divide -
Inequality between people in the social system in having access to and use of e-government services.
(5) Lack of coordination between Govt. Department and Solution developers-
Designing of any application requires a very close interaction between the govt. department and the agency developing the solutions. At present the users in govt. departments do not contribute enough to design the solution architecture.
(6) Lack of Infrastructure for sustaining e-governance projects on national level-
Infrastructure to support e-governance initiatives does not exist within government departments. The agony is that the government departments are not equipped to be in a position to project the clear requirements nor are there any guidelines for involving private sector.
e-Gov Action Plan Strategies for today:Vision for Future
Govt. leaders in India are starting to realize that e-governance is the key to drive todays economy with an increased participation from citizens. Providing services online is no longer going to remain optional for local and central government as demand for providing services @ internet speed has been coming from the citizens.
E-governance is about more than streamlining processes and improving services. Its about transforming Governments and renovating the way citizens participate in democracy. So how does a government agency cuts through the clutter and builds a strategy to facilitate the transition to successful online or e service delivery. Yet if the e-governance started and implemented in haste, the are doomed to fail. According to one of the surveys conducted by a reputed agency , 75% of e-governance may fail because of poor planning
. Some of the requirements for implementing successful e-governance across the nation are :
* e-Governance framework across the nation with enough bandwidth to service a population of one billion.
* Connectivity framework for making the services reach rural areas of the country or development of alternative means of services such as e-governance kiosks in regional languages.
* National Citizen database which is the primary unit of data for all governance vertical and horizontal applications across the state and central governments.
* E-governance and interoperability standards for the exchange of secure information with non-repudiation, across the state and central government departments seamlessly.
* A secure delivery framework by means of virtual private network connecting across the state and central government departments.
* Datacenters in centre and states to handle the departmental workflow automation, collaboration, interaction, exchange of information with authentication.
For success of an e-governance project and superior service delivery, it is imperative that the government agency focuses on whole citizen experience. Focusing on the citizen is essential for long term success. The govt. agency needs to integrate information from all points of citizen interaction. The overall architecture for e-Governance needs to ensure that the architecture components are extensible and scalable to adapt to the changing environments. The e-Governance applications that are emerging as islands of successes have to be interoperable. Following are some of the suggestions for the successful transformation:-
(1) Create Literacy and commitment to e-governance at high level-
The most important requirement is a training program for policy makers in E-Governance (Senior Public Servants), politicians and IT task force members. The training program needs to be focused according to the requirements of the policy makers at the top. Such programs can be need based and outsourced when required. In addition it should be made mandatory for all the stake holders in implementation and maintenance of e-governance services to have the general IT skills..
(2) Conduct Usability Surveys for assessment of existing e-governance projects-
There is a varying degree of development of e-governance among the different states. A few States have leapfrogged into a digital era whereas a few are yet to start with any initiative. There is a tremendous divergence in the extent of implementation of the concept of e-Governance.
(3) Starting with implementation of pilot projects and replicating the successful ones
The pilot projects taken in various states should be accessed for their achievement levels. They should be classified as success or failure according to the desired output written down before implementation of the projects. The study should be carried out by an independent agency for the implementation agency. Bottlenecks and causes of delays should be documented, even though they are removed later. The successful projects should be replicated over the nation with members drawn from the implementing team.
(4) Follow the Best Practices in e-governance -
The study of Best Practices will bring forward the best practices being followed nationally and internationally. The national and international Best Practices study will give a great momentum to the process of E-Governance. The State Governments will not have to re-invent wheel every time and they can learn from the developments already made.
(5) Have clearly defined Interoperability policy-
The egovernance architecture needs to ensure that the components are scalable and adaptable to the future requirements. It has also to ensure that the Local architecture fits into the State level and the same into National and Global architecture. Interoperability is a major criterion while defining the architecture.
(6) Manage and Update content on govt. websites efficiently and regularly-
Content is the 'heart' of any IT project. The govt. agency has to keep in mind some of the important technical guidelines, while developing the software and computerization, to facilitate the future integration. The department also needs to address the security of transactions and messages. The govt. agencies must ensure that the data on the sites is always updated and relevant.
Details-
Raj Singh Yadav
Reference websites-URL
1)http://workspace.unpan.org/sites/internet/documents/
2) www.egovindia.org/egovernancepaper.doc
3) yojana
4) arc.gov.in/11threp/ARC_11thReport_Ch4.pdf
E-governance is the application of information & communication technologies to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational & transactional exchanges with in government, between govt. & govt. agencies of National, State, Municipal & Local levels, citizen & businesses, and to empower citizens through access & use of information.
What e-government is NOT! :
Terms such as data resale, digital democracy, e-politics etc. are also frequently mentioned within the same breath as e-government. Neither of these terms, however, observes the principle of leveraging the Internet to simplify government. Digital democracy is, in fact, e-politics rather than e-government; that is, leveraging the Internet to simplify the election process (rather than government). It is important that these terms not muddle the objectives of e-government.
e-governance evolution : History and Present Status
The GoI initiated an e-government programme during the late 1990s by adopting the Information Technology Act in 2000. The major aims of this act were to recognise electronic contracts, prevent cyber crimes, and make electronic filing possible. Later in 2006, the govt approved the national e-governance plan (NeGP) to enhance e-govt initiatives in India. It was launched with aim of improving the delivery of govt services to the common people in their localities through common services centre (CSC)s, which were set across the country. In feb 2012, about 97,159 CSCs were operational with different names and they had delivering services to the people.
Following are some of the recent e-governance projects implemented by various state govts.
Some E-governance Initiatives
State/Union TerritoryInitiatives covering departmental automation, user charge collection, delivery of policy/programme information and delivery of entitlements
Andhra Pradeshe-Seva, CARD, VOICE, MPHS, FAST, e-Cops, AP onlineOne-stop-shop on the Internet, Saukaryam, Online Transaction processing
BiharSales Tax Administration Management Information
ChattisgarhChhattisgarh Infotech Promotion Society, Treasury office, e-linking project
DelhiAutomatic Vehicle Tracking System, Computerisation of website of RCS office, Electronic Clearance System, Management Information System for Education etc
GoaDharani Project
GujaratMahiti Shakti, request for Government documents online, Form book online, G R book online, census online, tender notice.
HaryanaNai Disha
Himachal PradeshLok Mitra
KarnatakaBhoomi, Khajane, Kaveri
Keralae-Srinkhala, RDNet, Fast, Reliable, Instant, Efficient Network for the Disbursement of Services (FRIENDS)
Madhya PradeshGyandoot, Gram Sampark, Smart Card in Transport Department, Computerization MP State Agricultural Marketing Board (Mandi Board) etc
MaharashtraSETU, Online Complaint Management SystemMumbai
RajasthanJan Mitra, RajSWIFT, Lokmitra, RajNIDHI
Tamil NaduRasi MaiyamsKanchipuram; Application forms related to public utility, tender notices and display
North-Eastern States
Arunachal Pradesh,Community Information Center. Forms available on
Manipur, Meghalaya, the Meghalaya website under schemes related to
Mizoram & Nagalandsocial welfare, food civil supplies and consumer affairs, housing transport etc.
Key Opportunities offered by e-governance:
(1) Increased effectiveness and efficiency-
Improved government services in terms of accomplishing the government spurpose and functioning.
(2) Better service-
E-governance can provide quick and timely services to stalkholder.
(3) Transparency-
The services provide directly from the government to recipients without any external interventions.
(4) Accessible any time and anywhere-
As e-governanace services are provided through web-enabled technology, they can be accessed anytime and anywhere.
(5) User-centric ICT-enabled services-
The services are primarily intended for the use of citizens, businesses , and the government itself.
(6) Reduced cost and time -
As the services are provided through internet , they are effective in terms of time and cost.
(7) Reduced bureaucracy-
E-governance minimizes the hierarchy of authorithy for availing any government services.
(8) Enhanced communication and co-ordination between govt organistions-
As automated services can be accessed by different organizations, co-ordination and further communication become relatively simple.
Challenges and barriers -
(1) Lack of IT Literacy and awareness regarding benefits of e-governance -
There is general lack of awareness regarding benefits of e-governance as well as the process involved in implementing successful G-C, G-G and G-B projects. The administrative structure is not geared for maintaining, storing and retrieving the governance information electronically.
(2) Underutilization of existing ICT infrastructure-
To a larger extent, the computers in the department are used for the purpose of word processing only, resulting in the underutilization of the computers in terms of their use in data mining for supporting management decisions.
(3) Lack of trust-
Variance in the degree of reliance on e-government services
(4) Digital divide -
Inequality between people in the social system in having access to and use of e-government services.
(5) Lack of coordination between Govt. Department and Solution developers-
Designing of any application requires a very close interaction between the govt. department and the agency developing the solutions. At present the users in govt. departments do not contribute enough to design the solution architecture.
(6) Lack of Infrastructure for sustaining e-governance projects on national level-
Infrastructure to support e-governance initiatives does not exist within government departments. The agony is that the government departments are not equipped to be in a position to project the clear requirements nor are there any guidelines for involving private sector.
e-Gov Action Plan Strategies for today:Vision for Future
Govt. leaders in India are starting to realize that e-governance is the key to drive todays economy with an increased participation from citizens. Providing services online is no longer going to remain optional for local and central government as demand for providing services @ internet speed has been coming from the citizens.
E-governance is about more than streamlining processes and improving services. Its about transforming Governments and renovating the way citizens participate in democracy. So how does a government agency cuts through the clutter and builds a strategy to facilitate the transition to successful online or e service delivery. Yet if the e-governance started and implemented in haste, the are doomed to fail. According to one of the surveys conducted by a reputed agency , 75% of e-governance may fail because of poor planning
. Some of the requirements for implementing successful e-governance across the nation are :
* e-Governance framework across the nation with enough bandwidth to service a population of one billion.
* Connectivity framework for making the services reach rural areas of the country or development of alternative means of services such as e-governance kiosks in regional languages.
* National Citizen database which is the primary unit of data for all governance vertical and horizontal applications across the state and central governments.
* E-governance and interoperability standards for the exchange of secure information with non-repudiation, across the state and central government departments seamlessly.
* A secure delivery framework by means of virtual private network connecting across the state and central government departments.
* Datacenters in centre and states to handle the departmental workflow automation, collaboration, interaction, exchange of information with authentication.
For success of an e-governance project and superior service delivery, it is imperative that the government agency focuses on whole citizen experience. Focusing on the citizen is essential for long term success. The govt. agency needs to integrate information from all points of citizen interaction. The overall architecture for e-Governance needs to ensure that the architecture components are extensible and scalable to adapt to the changing environments. The e-Governance applications that are emerging as islands of successes have to be interoperable. Following are some of the suggestions for the successful transformation:-
(1) Create Literacy and commitment to e-governance at high level-
The most important requirement is a training program for policy makers in E-Governance (Senior Public Servants), politicians and IT task force members. The training program needs to be focused according to the requirements of the policy makers at the top. Such programs can be need based and outsourced when required. In addition it should be made mandatory for all the stake holders in implementation and maintenance of e-governance services to have the general IT skills..
(2) Conduct Usability Surveys for assessment of existing e-governance projects-
There is a varying degree of development of e-governance among the different states. A few States have leapfrogged into a digital era whereas a few are yet to start with any initiative. There is a tremendous divergence in the extent of implementation of the concept of e-Governance.
(3) Starting with implementation of pilot projects and replicating the successful ones
The pilot projects taken in various states should be accessed for their achievement levels. They should be classified as success or failure according to the desired output written down before implementation of the projects. The study should be carried out by an independent agency for the implementation agency. Bottlenecks and causes of delays should be documented, even though they are removed later. The successful projects should be replicated over the nation with members drawn from the implementing team.
(4) Follow the Best Practices in e-governance -
The study of Best Practices will bring forward the best practices being followed nationally and internationally. The national and international Best Practices study will give a great momentum to the process of E-Governance. The State Governments will not have to re-invent wheel every time and they can learn from the developments already made.
(5) Have clearly defined Interoperability policy-
The egovernance architecture needs to ensure that the components are scalable and adaptable to the future requirements. It has also to ensure that the Local architecture fits into the State level and the same into National and Global architecture. Interoperability is a major criterion while defining the architecture.
(6) Manage and Update content on govt. websites efficiently and regularly-
Content is the 'heart' of any IT project. The govt. agency has to keep in mind some of the important technical guidelines, while developing the software and computerization, to facilitate the future integration. The department also needs to address the security of transactions and messages. The govt. agencies must ensure that the data on the sites is always updated and relevant.
Details-
Raj Singh Yadav
Reference websites-URL
1)http://workspace.unpan.org/sites/internet/documents/
2) www.egovindia.org/egovernancepaper.doc
3) yojana
4) arc.gov.in/11threp/ARC_11thReport_Ch4.pdf
e-Governance
e-Governance
Historical Background
* E- governance in India owes its origins to the in house development of applications during the 1970s and 1980s in defence, economic planning, census, tax administration and elections.
* Subsequently, massive efforts were made during the 1980s by the National Informatics Centre(NIC) to connect all the district headquarters in the country through a VSAT network.
* However, all these efforts were mainly government centric with the primary objective of exploiting information and communication technologies (ICTs) for automating internal government functions.
* Citizen centricity with a focus on improving delivery of services to the citizens was not the primary goal during this period. In the late 1980s, a few computerization initiatives in the government started making an impact on citizen services.
* The most prominent among these was the computerization of the passenger reservation system by the Indian Railways (Ramani,1991).
* E-governance during this period received a major thrust with the launch of NICNET in 1987,followed by the launch of DISNIC that aimed at computerizing all the district offices in (2ndAdministrativeReformsCommission,2008).
* During the 1990s, several government departments at both central and state levels launched projects aimed at deploying ICTs for improving services to citizens.
* Initial attempts were made by some government departments during the latter half of this decade to use the World Wide Web mainly for providing information to the citizens.
* Several states, particularly the southern states, achieved significant successes in using e-governance to improve delivery of services to the citizens during this period.
* This trend continued during the early years of the last decade with Several states across the country implementing citizen-centric e-government projects.
* However, these initiatives were isolated and fragmented due to lack of adequate and integrated ICT infrastructure reaching down to the block and village levels, lack of comprehensive back end computerization, lack of connectivity, and lack of adequate capacity at all levels of government to efficiently deploy ICTs for improving the quality of governance.
* The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), conceptualized in the early part of the last decade, aimed at addressing all these deficiencies.
National e-Governance Plan
The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) is the most significant initiative taken in India during the last decade to mainstream ICT in governance at both central and state levels. It lays emphasis on creating the right governance and institutional framework within the country, establish the core IT infrastructure, and implement a number of Mission Mode Projects at the cetral, state and integrated levels.
The original vision of NeGP was to Make all Government services accessible to the common man in his locality through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency and reliability of such services at affordable costs to realize the basic needs of the common man.
The plan, consisting originally of 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) and 8 Components, was approved in May 2006. Subsequently, during July 2011, four new MMPs on Health, Education, Public Distribution System (PDS) and Posts were added. The respective ministries and departments in Government of India are responsible for overall formulation, financial approvals and implementation of the MMPs.
Integrated Approach to Implementation The overall strategy for implementation envisaged an integrated approach focusing on six key aspects and seven guiding principles.
The six key aspects included
1. Connectivity
2. Capacity building,
3. content creation,
4. cyber law,
5. citizen interface, and
6. capital.
The seven guiding principles included the following:
1. Centralized initiative and decentralized implementation;
2. Delivering public value;
3. Think big, start small and scale fast;
4. Change management;
5. Common core and support infrastructure;
6. Capacity building;
7. And public private partnerships (ppps).
Governance Structure under NeGP
NeGP has conceptualized a well-defined governance structure to ensure its implementation as a comprehensive and integrated plan cutting across various central line ministries and state governments.
* At the highest level, there is a Committee headed by the Prime Minister to provide the overall leadership for the implementation ofthe NeGP.
* A National e-Governance Advisory Group headed by the Minister of Communications and IT has been constituted to seek views of the various stakeholders and deliberate on the policy issues and interventions needed to mainstream ICT in governance in the country.
* An Apex Committee on NeGP chaired by the Cabinet Secretary has also been constituted to monitor its implementation, provide policy directions and resolve any inter ministerial issues.
* For the actual conceptualization, financial approvals, and implementation of the MMPs, the respective line ministries and departments are responsible.
* DeitY (Departement of Electronics and Information Technology) serves as the secretariat for the Apex Committee in managing the NeGP and provides technical advisory and appraisal services to the various departments implementing the MMPs.
* It is also responsible for implementing the core infrastructural and other technical support components of the plan.
Components under NeGP
The NeGP consists of eight components.
* The three main core components consist of
* State Wide Area Networks (SWANs),
* State Data Centres (SDCs),
* Common Service Centres (CSCs).
* All these three projects are being implemented by DeitY. The other five components comprise
* Standards, awareness and communication,
* Capacity building, assessment, and
* Research and development.
DeitY plays a pivotal role in these areas as well.
Mission Mode Projects under NeGP
The 31 MMPs under the NeGP consist of 11 central, 7 integrated and 13 state projects.
The 11 central MMPs are as follows:
1. Banking - This MMP has been led by the banking industry and aims at integrating the core banking solutions across various banks in the country.
2. Insurance This is another industry led initiative that focuses on services in the insurance sector being provided by the public sector insurance companies.
3. MCA 21 - This project provides various services of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs such as registration of companies, filing of documents, etc. through a secure portal. It has 8 service categories.
4. Income Tax: It aims at providing all income tax related services to citizens and businesses under 18 service categories.
5. Central Excise: It provides excise and customs related services such as online filing of service tax and excise returns, e-payment of customs duties, etc. under 16 service categories.
6. National ID/UID: It aims at providing unique identification numbers to all the residents in the country.
7. Passports: It offers all passport related services under 17 service categories including applications for new passports, renewal of passports, tracking of status of applications, etc.
8. Immigration and Visa: It provides immigration and visa related services under 9 service categories at the Indian Missions abroad.
9. Pensions: It provides pension related services to pensioners under 2 service categories.
10. E-Office: It aims at automating all internal file management processes within government departments.
11. Posts: This new MMP focuses on providing all postal services in the country including postal savings accounts and postal insurance. Out of the 11 central MMPs mentioned above, 10 have gone live and are offering services to their stakeholders. However, not all services under their defined service categories may be operational.
The 13 state MMPs are as follows:
1. National Land Records Modernizatin Programme (NLRMP): It aims at comprehensive computerization of land records, integration of registration and mutation processes, automatic updation of land records, etc. under 16 service categories.
2. Commercial Taxes: It provides online filing of returns and taxes, automatic refunds, etc. under 22 service categories.
3. Transport: It includes services like vehicle registration and driving licenses under 18 service categories.
4. E-District: It provides district and tehsil/block level G2C services such as various certificates, welfare services , etc. under 10 service categories. While five categories are defined, states can add five categories specific to their requirements. An E-District pilot project has been implemented across 41 districts in 16 states and now the project is being rolled out across all the states.
5. Treasuries: It includes all payment related services through treasuries under 13 service categories.
6. Municipalities: It provides municipal level G2C and G2B services such as birth and death certificates, payment of taxes and fees, licenses, etc. under 8 service categories.
7. Police Crime and Criminal Tracking and Networking System (CCTNS): It aims at comprehensive automation of police and criminal administration system in the country with 23 service categories
8. Agriculture: It provides services such as market prices, crop diseases and management, best practices in agriculture, horticulture, sericulture, etc. under 12 service categories.
9. Gram Panchayats: It includes services like house taxes, trade licenses, certificates, etc. under12 service categories.
10. Employment Exchange: It includes services such as registration of job seekers and guidance to them, potential employers and online registration of vacancies, etc. under 6 service categories.
11. Health, Education and PDS: These three MMPs have been added in July 2011 and aim at providing a comprehensive range of services in their respective sectors.
Out of the 13 state MMPs four MMPs, i.e., NLRMP, Transport, e-District (Pilot), and Commercial Taxes have gone live and are delivering various services. Two MMPs, Treasuries and Municipalities, have become live partially. Three MMPs, CCTNS, Gram Panchayats, and Agriculture are under implementation and Employment Exchange MMP is yet to be launched. The three new MMPs are under conceptualization stage.
The 7 integrated MMPs are as follows:
1. India Portal: It aims at providing a single window access to all government services under various departments at both central and state levels.
2. National Service Delivery Gateway(NSDG): It is a messaging middleware to route intelligently and securely all service requests to the relevant backend databases and the processed services to the service seeker. It facilitates exchange of information across various backend databases of different departments. It has 6 defined service categories.
3.Common Service Centres (CSC): It provides ICT enabled front end kiosks for delivering various G2C and G2B services to citizens in rural areas.
4. E-Courts: It aims at automating court related services such as e-filing of cases, online availability of judgements , etc. under four service categories.
5. Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) for Trade: It enables online filing and clearance of import and export documents, online payment of charges and fees and exchange of documents among different government departments and agencies such as ports, customs, etc. It has four service categories.
6. E-Biz: It aims at providing integrated services through a single window for businesses and investors related to approvals and permissions, payment of various fees through one lumpsum payment, etc. under 29 service categories.
7. E-Procurement: It provides all procurement related services to various government departments and agencies .Except the e-Biz MMP, all the other MMPs listed above have gone live though not all the services under various categories might be operational. E-Biz MMP is expected to go live shortly.
Cross-Case Comparative Analysis:
Issues and Challenges in Implementation of NeGP
Though several projects under the NeGP have achieved significant success in implementation and have started delivering services to their stakeholders, many projects are facing challenges in implementation. What are these issues and challenges?
Operational The main operational issues and challenges mentioned by the MMPs include lack of dedicated project teams, frequent changes in project leadership, lack of capacity and change management, inadequate engagement with the key stakeholders and issues in project management due to the sheer scale and diversity of some very large projects.
Institutional The main institutional issues and challenges noted by the MMPs include inter-departmental coordination, duplication of infrastructure, lack of an institutionalized incentive scheme, inadequate business process reengineering (BPR), delays in obtaining necessary approvals, and exit management for PPP projects.
Legal Some MMPs pointed out that recognition of electronic records is still an issue despite the legal mandate provided by the IT Act for the same. In some cases, BPR needed legal enactments to be implemented.
Financial Some MMPs noted that delays in obtaining financial approvals were hampering the progress of implementation. Delays in release of funds to the states and their utilization was also mentioned by some state MMPs as a major challenge in making projects go live in those states.
Technological The major technological challenges pointed out by the MMPs included dependency on core infrastructure for implementation, software customization, system integration, compliance with security standards and third party audit, lack of a central network and lack of adequate disaster recovery(DR) facilities.
Critical Factors Affecting the Implementation of NeGP
We can observe from the above analysis that the issues and challenges being faced by the MMPs can be broadly classified into seven critical factors: information, people, management, process, structure, strategy and technology. This analytical framework allows us to suggest interventions to make the MMPs more effective and outcome oriented in their implementation.
NeGP: The Way Forward How can the MMPs be made more effective in terms of their outcome orientation and how can they take advantage of the latest new and innovative technologies such as cloud and mobile to make implementation faster and more resource efficient? Based on the analysis in the preceding sections, tthe following recommendations can be made for the MMPs in this regard.
Redefining the Strategy: Outcome Orientation The MMPs should redefine their service delivery strategy with a renewed focus on outcome orientation through provisioning of all feasible services through the electronic mode, well-defined service levels and measurable transactions either through CSCs or in self-service mode.
Process: Focus on BPR and Aadhaar Integration The process interventions should include comprehensive BPR digital signing of all the documents, electronic authentication, integrated services and integration of the Aadhaar platform for service delivery.
New and Innovative Technologies: Cloud Computing, Mobile, and Localization There is tremendous scope for exploiting the new and innovative technologies such as cloud computing and mobile platform for making rollout of services faster and more resource efficient. Cloud computing offers tremendous opportunities for fast-tracking the implementation of different projects and for quickly replicating the successful e-governance projects in various states across the country. Similarly, as access to mobile phones is much higher compared to the same for computers and internet, mobile platform holds tremendous potential for widening the reach ofe-governance, espeically in rural areas. Use of local languages in applications can facilitae easy access to them for the people.
Institutional Structure and Management Ensuring inter-departmental coordination and coordination among the central ministries and state government departments are sine qua nons for the success of any project. They are also vital in avoiding unnecessary duplication of efforts. Such coordination can also help in timely sanctions and releases of funds to the implementing agencies and states. There is also need for an institutionalized performance linked incentive scheme to be put in place for the MMPs. A proper management information system(MIS) must be put in place by all the MMPs to effectively monitor the performance of the projects. Proper policies for strategic control and exit management also need to be put in place. Appropriate revenue models for ensuring financial sustainability of the projects also need to be carefully examined.
People and Information: Capacity Building and Empowering Stakeholders Capacity building at all levels within the government is a must for the success of any project. The importance of dedicated project teams and change management cannot be overemphasized. Disseminating proper information and empowering the key stakeholders can go a long way in ensuring the success and sustainability of the projects.
Issues and Challenges faced byMMPsCritical Factors as per Heeksand Bhatnagar (1999) Model
Operational: dedicated projectteams , project leader ship,capacity and change management,inadequate engagement withthe key stakeholders, projectmanagementInformation, People, Management,Structure
Institutional: inter-departmentalc o o r d i n a t i o n , d u p l i c a t i o nof infrastructure, lack of aninstitutionalized incentive scheme,inadequate business processreengineering (BPR), delays inobtaining necessary approvals,and exit management for PPPprojects.Management, Process, Information,Structure, Strategy
Financial: delays in financialapprovals, release of fundsProcess Management
Technological: core infrastructure,system integration, customizationTechnology
Submitted By Neeraj Kumar
* Ref Yojana, National Portal of India
* Most of the work is a copy paste but the best description I could find of E-gov in a night long research project.
Historical Background
* E- governance in India owes its origins to the in house development of applications during the 1970s and 1980s in defence, economic planning, census, tax administration and elections.
* Subsequently, massive efforts were made during the 1980s by the National Informatics Centre(NIC) to connect all the district headquarters in the country through a VSAT network.
* However, all these efforts were mainly government centric with the primary objective of exploiting information and communication technologies (ICTs) for automating internal government functions.
* Citizen centricity with a focus on improving delivery of services to the citizens was not the primary goal during this period. In the late 1980s, a few computerization initiatives in the government started making an impact on citizen services.
* The most prominent among these was the computerization of the passenger reservation system by the Indian Railways (Ramani,1991).
* E-governance during this period received a major thrust with the launch of NICNET in 1987,followed by the launch of DISNIC that aimed at computerizing all the district offices in (2ndAdministrativeReformsCommission,2008).
* During the 1990s, several government departments at both central and state levels launched projects aimed at deploying ICTs for improving services to citizens.
* Initial attempts were made by some government departments during the latter half of this decade to use the World Wide Web mainly for providing information to the citizens.
* Several states, particularly the southern states, achieved significant successes in using e-governance to improve delivery of services to the citizens during this period.
* This trend continued during the early years of the last decade with Several states across the country implementing citizen-centric e-government projects.
* However, these initiatives were isolated and fragmented due to lack of adequate and integrated ICT infrastructure reaching down to the block and village levels, lack of comprehensive back end computerization, lack of connectivity, and lack of adequate capacity at all levels of government to efficiently deploy ICTs for improving the quality of governance.
* The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), conceptualized in the early part of the last decade, aimed at addressing all these deficiencies.
National e-Governance Plan
The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) is the most significant initiative taken in India during the last decade to mainstream ICT in governance at both central and state levels. It lays emphasis on creating the right governance and institutional framework within the country, establish the core IT infrastructure, and implement a number of Mission Mode Projects at the cetral, state and integrated levels.
The original vision of NeGP was to Make all Government services accessible to the common man in his locality through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency and reliability of such services at affordable costs to realize the basic needs of the common man.
The plan, consisting originally of 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) and 8 Components, was approved in May 2006. Subsequently, during July 2011, four new MMPs on Health, Education, Public Distribution System (PDS) and Posts were added. The respective ministries and departments in Government of India are responsible for overall formulation, financial approvals and implementation of the MMPs.
Integrated Approach to Implementation The overall strategy for implementation envisaged an integrated approach focusing on six key aspects and seven guiding principles.
The six key aspects included
1. Connectivity
2. Capacity building,
3. content creation,
4. cyber law,
5. citizen interface, and
6. capital.
The seven guiding principles included the following:
1. Centralized initiative and decentralized implementation;
2. Delivering public value;
3. Think big, start small and scale fast;
4. Change management;
5. Common core and support infrastructure;
6. Capacity building;
7. And public private partnerships (ppps).
Governance Structure under NeGP
NeGP has conceptualized a well-defined governance structure to ensure its implementation as a comprehensive and integrated plan cutting across various central line ministries and state governments.
* At the highest level, there is a Committee headed by the Prime Minister to provide the overall leadership for the implementation ofthe NeGP.
* A National e-Governance Advisory Group headed by the Minister of Communications and IT has been constituted to seek views of the various stakeholders and deliberate on the policy issues and interventions needed to mainstream ICT in governance in the country.
* An Apex Committee on NeGP chaired by the Cabinet Secretary has also been constituted to monitor its implementation, provide policy directions and resolve any inter ministerial issues.
* For the actual conceptualization, financial approvals, and implementation of the MMPs, the respective line ministries and departments are responsible.
* DeitY (Departement of Electronics and Information Technology) serves as the secretariat for the Apex Committee in managing the NeGP and provides technical advisory and appraisal services to the various departments implementing the MMPs.
* It is also responsible for implementing the core infrastructural and other technical support components of the plan.
Components under NeGP
The NeGP consists of eight components.
* The three main core components consist of
* State Wide Area Networks (SWANs),
* State Data Centres (SDCs),
* Common Service Centres (CSCs).
* All these three projects are being implemented by DeitY. The other five components comprise
* Standards, awareness and communication,
* Capacity building, assessment, and
* Research and development.
DeitY plays a pivotal role in these areas as well.
Mission Mode Projects under NeGP
The 31 MMPs under the NeGP consist of 11 central, 7 integrated and 13 state projects.
The 11 central MMPs are as follows:
1. Banking - This MMP has been led by the banking industry and aims at integrating the core banking solutions across various banks in the country.
2. Insurance This is another industry led initiative that focuses on services in the insurance sector being provided by the public sector insurance companies.
3. MCA 21 - This project provides various services of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs such as registration of companies, filing of documents, etc. through a secure portal. It has 8 service categories.
4. Income Tax: It aims at providing all income tax related services to citizens and businesses under 18 service categories.
5. Central Excise: It provides excise and customs related services such as online filing of service tax and excise returns, e-payment of customs duties, etc. under 16 service categories.
6. National ID/UID: It aims at providing unique identification numbers to all the residents in the country.
7. Passports: It offers all passport related services under 17 service categories including applications for new passports, renewal of passports, tracking of status of applications, etc.
8. Immigration and Visa: It provides immigration and visa related services under 9 service categories at the Indian Missions abroad.
9. Pensions: It provides pension related services to pensioners under 2 service categories.
10. E-Office: It aims at automating all internal file management processes within government departments.
11. Posts: This new MMP focuses on providing all postal services in the country including postal savings accounts and postal insurance. Out of the 11 central MMPs mentioned above, 10 have gone live and are offering services to their stakeholders. However, not all services under their defined service categories may be operational.
The 13 state MMPs are as follows:
1. National Land Records Modernizatin Programme (NLRMP): It aims at comprehensive computerization of land records, integration of registration and mutation processes, automatic updation of land records, etc. under 16 service categories.
2. Commercial Taxes: It provides online filing of returns and taxes, automatic refunds, etc. under 22 service categories.
3. Transport: It includes services like vehicle registration and driving licenses under 18 service categories.
4. E-District: It provides district and tehsil/block level G2C services such as various certificates, welfare services , etc. under 10 service categories. While five categories are defined, states can add five categories specific to their requirements. An E-District pilot project has been implemented across 41 districts in 16 states and now the project is being rolled out across all the states.
5. Treasuries: It includes all payment related services through treasuries under 13 service categories.
6. Municipalities: It provides municipal level G2C and G2B services such as birth and death certificates, payment of taxes and fees, licenses, etc. under 8 service categories.
7. Police Crime and Criminal Tracking and Networking System (CCTNS): It aims at comprehensive automation of police and criminal administration system in the country with 23 service categories
8. Agriculture: It provides services such as market prices, crop diseases and management, best practices in agriculture, horticulture, sericulture, etc. under 12 service categories.
9. Gram Panchayats: It includes services like house taxes, trade licenses, certificates, etc. under12 service categories.
10. Employment Exchange: It includes services such as registration of job seekers and guidance to them, potential employers and online registration of vacancies, etc. under 6 service categories.
11. Health, Education and PDS: These three MMPs have been added in July 2011 and aim at providing a comprehensive range of services in their respective sectors.
Out of the 13 state MMPs four MMPs, i.e., NLRMP, Transport, e-District (Pilot), and Commercial Taxes have gone live and are delivering various services. Two MMPs, Treasuries and Municipalities, have become live partially. Three MMPs, CCTNS, Gram Panchayats, and Agriculture are under implementation and Employment Exchange MMP is yet to be launched. The three new MMPs are under conceptualization stage.
The 7 integrated MMPs are as follows:
1. India Portal: It aims at providing a single window access to all government services under various departments at both central and state levels.
2. National Service Delivery Gateway(NSDG): It is a messaging middleware to route intelligently and securely all service requests to the relevant backend databases and the processed services to the service seeker. It facilitates exchange of information across various backend databases of different departments. It has 6 defined service categories.
3.Common Service Centres (CSC): It provides ICT enabled front end kiosks for delivering various G2C and G2B services to citizens in rural areas.
4. E-Courts: It aims at automating court related services such as e-filing of cases, online availability of judgements , etc. under four service categories.
5. Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) for Trade: It enables online filing and clearance of import and export documents, online payment of charges and fees and exchange of documents among different government departments and agencies such as ports, customs, etc. It has four service categories.
6. E-Biz: It aims at providing integrated services through a single window for businesses and investors related to approvals and permissions, payment of various fees through one lumpsum payment, etc. under 29 service categories.
7. E-Procurement: It provides all procurement related services to various government departments and agencies .Except the e-Biz MMP, all the other MMPs listed above have gone live though not all the services under various categories might be operational. E-Biz MMP is expected to go live shortly.
Cross-Case Comparative Analysis:
Issues and Challenges in Implementation of NeGP
Though several projects under the NeGP have achieved significant success in implementation and have started delivering services to their stakeholders, many projects are facing challenges in implementation. What are these issues and challenges?
Operational The main operational issues and challenges mentioned by the MMPs include lack of dedicated project teams, frequent changes in project leadership, lack of capacity and change management, inadequate engagement with the key stakeholders and issues in project management due to the sheer scale and diversity of some very large projects.
Institutional The main institutional issues and challenges noted by the MMPs include inter-departmental coordination, duplication of infrastructure, lack of an institutionalized incentive scheme, inadequate business process reengineering (BPR), delays in obtaining necessary approvals, and exit management for PPP projects.
Legal Some MMPs pointed out that recognition of electronic records is still an issue despite the legal mandate provided by the IT Act for the same. In some cases, BPR needed legal enactments to be implemented.
Financial Some MMPs noted that delays in obtaining financial approvals were hampering the progress of implementation. Delays in release of funds to the states and their utilization was also mentioned by some state MMPs as a major challenge in making projects go live in those states.
Technological The major technological challenges pointed out by the MMPs included dependency on core infrastructure for implementation, software customization, system integration, compliance with security standards and third party audit, lack of a central network and lack of adequate disaster recovery(DR) facilities.
Critical Factors Affecting the Implementation of NeGP
We can observe from the above analysis that the issues and challenges being faced by the MMPs can be broadly classified into seven critical factors: information, people, management, process, structure, strategy and technology. This analytical framework allows us to suggest interventions to make the MMPs more effective and outcome oriented in their implementation.
NeGP: The Way Forward How can the MMPs be made more effective in terms of their outcome orientation and how can they take advantage of the latest new and innovative technologies such as cloud and mobile to make implementation faster and more resource efficient? Based on the analysis in the preceding sections, tthe following recommendations can be made for the MMPs in this regard.
Redefining the Strategy: Outcome Orientation The MMPs should redefine their service delivery strategy with a renewed focus on outcome orientation through provisioning of all feasible services through the electronic mode, well-defined service levels and measurable transactions either through CSCs or in self-service mode.
Process: Focus on BPR and Aadhaar Integration The process interventions should include comprehensive BPR digital signing of all the documents, electronic authentication, integrated services and integration of the Aadhaar platform for service delivery.
New and Innovative Technologies: Cloud Computing, Mobile, and Localization There is tremendous scope for exploiting the new and innovative technologies such as cloud computing and mobile platform for making rollout of services faster and more resource efficient. Cloud computing offers tremendous opportunities for fast-tracking the implementation of different projects and for quickly replicating the successful e-governance projects in various states across the country. Similarly, as access to mobile phones is much higher compared to the same for computers and internet, mobile platform holds tremendous potential for widening the reach ofe-governance, espeically in rural areas. Use of local languages in applications can facilitae easy access to them for the people.
Institutional Structure and Management Ensuring inter-departmental coordination and coordination among the central ministries and state government departments are sine qua nons for the success of any project. They are also vital in avoiding unnecessary duplication of efforts. Such coordination can also help in timely sanctions and releases of funds to the implementing agencies and states. There is also need for an institutionalized performance linked incentive scheme to be put in place for the MMPs. A proper management information system(MIS) must be put in place by all the MMPs to effectively monitor the performance of the projects. Proper policies for strategic control and exit management also need to be put in place. Appropriate revenue models for ensuring financial sustainability of the projects also need to be carefully examined.
People and Information: Capacity Building and Empowering Stakeholders Capacity building at all levels within the government is a must for the success of any project. The importance of dedicated project teams and change management cannot be overemphasized. Disseminating proper information and empowering the key stakeholders can go a long way in ensuring the success and sustainability of the projects.
Issues and Challenges faced byMMPsCritical Factors as per Heeksand Bhatnagar (1999) Model
Operational: dedicated projectteams , project leader ship,capacity and change management,inadequate engagement withthe key stakeholders, projectmanagementInformation, People, Management,Structure
Institutional: inter-departmentalc o o r d i n a t i o n , d u p l i c a t i o nof infrastructure, lack of aninstitutionalized incentive scheme,inadequate business processreengineering (BPR), delays inobtaining necessary approvals,and exit management for PPPprojects.Management, Process, Information,Structure, Strategy
Financial: delays in financialapprovals, release of fundsProcess Management
Technological: core infrastructure,system integration, customizationTechnology
Submitted By Neeraj Kumar
* Ref Yojana, National Portal of India
* Most of the work is a copy paste but the best description I could find of E-gov in a night long research project.
Governance may be an activity of governing/controlling a country by
Governance may be an activity of governing/controlling a country by its Government, controlling of an organisation or a company by its CEO or Board of Directors or controlling of a house hold by the head of the house, Accordingly E-governance may also involve governing of a country, organisation, company or a household, however with the help of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
But when we talk of E-Governance in the popular parlance we only refer to the governing of a Country/State using ICT.
E-governance therefore means the application of ICT to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of exchange of information and transaction between :
A: Government to citizens.
B: Citizens to Government.
C: Government to government.
D: Government to bussiness.
A:Government to Citizen
Government to Citizen relationship is the most basic aspect of E-Governance. In modern times, Government deals with many aspects of the life of a citizen. The relation of a citizen with the Government starts with the birth and ends with the death of the citizen. A person transacts with the Government on every corner of his life. May it be birth registration, marriage registration, divorce or death registration.
The G2C relation will include the services provided by the Government to the Citizens. These services include the public utility services i.e. Telecommunication, Transportation, Post, Medical facilities, Electricity, Education and also some of the democratic services relating to the citizenship such as Certification, Registration, Licensing, Taxation, Passports, ID Cards etc.
Therefore E-Governance in G2C relationship will involve facilitation of the services flowing from Government towards Citizens with the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT).
1.E-Citizenship- E-Citizenship will include the implementation of ICT for facilitation of Government Services relating to citizenship of an individual. It may involve online transactions relating to issue and renewal of documents likeRation Cards, Passports, Election Cards, Identity Cards, etc. It will require the Government to create a virtual identity of every citizen so as to enable them to access the Government services online. For the same, Government would need to create a Citizen Database which is a huge task.
2.E-Registration- E-Registration will cover the online registration of various contracts. An individual enters into several contracts during his life. Many of these contracts and transactions require registration for giving it legality and enforceability. Such registration may also be made ICT enabled. E-registration will help to reduce a significant amount of paperwork.
3.E-Transportation- E-Transportation services would include ICT enablement of services of Government relating to Transport by Road, Rail, Water or Air. This may involve online
1. booking and cancellation of tickets,
2. status of vehicles, railways, boats and flights,
3. issue and renewal of Driving Licences,
4. registration and renewal of vehicles,
5. transfer of vehicles,
6. payment of the fees of licences,
7. payment of fees and taxes for vehicle registration,
4.E-Health- E-Health services would be ICT enablement of the health services of the Government. Under this interconnection of all hospitals may take place. A patient database may be created. A local pharmacy database may also be created. All this can be done.
5.E-Education- E-Education would cover the implementation of ICT in imparting of education and conducting of Courses. Distant as will as classroom education will be facilitated with the use of ICT. Use of internet can reduce the communication time required in Distance education; Internet may also help in conducting online classes.
6.E-Help- E-Help refers to facilitation of disaster and crisis management using ICT. It includes the use of technologies like internet, SMS, etc. for the purpose of reducing the response time of the Government agencies to the disasters.NGOs help Government in providing help in situations of disasters. Online information relating to disasters, warnings and calls for help can help the Government and the NGOs coordinate their work and facilitate and speed up the rescue work.
7.E-Taxation- E-Taxation will facilitate the taxing process by implementing ICT in the taxing process. Online tax due alerts and online payment of taxes would help transact faster.
B.Citizen to Government
Citizen to Government relationship will include the communication of citizens with the Government arising in the Democratic process like voting, campaigning, feedback, etc.
1.E-Democracy- The true concept of Democracy includes the participation of the citizens in the democratic and governing process. Today due to the increased population the active participation of the citizens in governing process is not possible. The ICT can help enable the true democratic process including voting, public opinion, feedback and Government accountability.
2.E-Feedback- E-Feedback includes the use of ICT for the purpose of giving feedback to the Government. Lobbying is pursuing the Government to take a certain decision. Use of ICT can enable online feedback to the Government, online debates as to the Government services.
C.Government to Government
G2G relationship would include the relationships between Central and State Government and also the relationship between two or more Government departments.
1.E-administration- E-administration would include the implementation of ICT in the functioning of the Government, internally and externally. Implementation of ICT can reduce the communication time between the Government Departments and Governments. It can substantially reduce paperwork if properly used. E-administration will also bring morality and transparency to the administration of Government Departments.
2.E-police- The concept of E-police is little different from Cyber-Police. Cyber Police require technology experts to curb the electronic/cyber crimes. E-police refers to the use of ICT for the purpose of facilitating the work of the Police department in investigation and administration. The concept of E-police includes databases of Police Officers, their performances, Criminal databases wanted as well as in custody, the trends in crimes and much more. ICT can help reduce the response time of the Police department and also reduce cost by reducing paperwork.
3.E-courts- The concept of E-Court will include the ICT enablement of the judicial process. Technology may help distant hearing, online summons and warrants and online publication of Judgments and Decrees.
D.Government to Business
1.E-Taxation- Corporate sector pays many taxes, duties and dues to the Government. Payment of these taxes and duties will be made easier by E-Taxation. Online taxing and online payment of taxes can help reduce cost and time required for physical submission of taxes. ICT can also help crosscheck the frauds and deficiencies in payment, further bringing accuracy and revenue to the Government.
2.E-Licencing- Companies have to acquire various licences from the Government, similarly the companies have to acquire various registrations. ICT enablement of the licensing and registration can reduce time and cost.
3.E-Tendering- E-Tendering will include the facilities of online tendering and procurement. It will online alerts as to new opportunities of business with the Government and also online submission of tenders and online allotment of work. It will reduce time and cost involved in the physical tendering system.
The goals of e-Governance are:
1. Better service delivery to citizens
2. Ushering in transparency and accountability
3. Empowering people through information
4. Improved efficiency within Governments
5. Improve interface with business and industry.
The types of services possible through e-Governance can be broadly classified into three categories
(1) providing information
(2) improving processing efficiency
(3) facilitating transactions.
Amongst these, providing information is the simplest and the degree of complexities increase as we move from information to transactions. But it is the second and the third category of services that provide maximum convenience to the citizens. The challenge is to cover such services.
iv
The four pillars of e-Governance are:
People
Process
Technology
Resources.
The object of E-Governance is to provide a SMART Government.
The Acronym SMART refers to Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, Responsible and Transparent Government.
S- The use of ICT brings simplicity in governance through electronic documentation, online submission, online service delivery, etc.
M -It brings Morality to governance as immoralities like bribing, red-tapism, etc. are eliminated.
A -It makes the Government accountable as all the data and information of Government is available online for consideration of every citizen, the NGOs and the media.
R -Due to reduced paperwork and increased communication speeds and decreased communication time, the Government agencies become responsive.
R -Technology can help convert an irresponsible Government Responsible. Increased access to information makes more informed citizens. And these empowered citizens make a responsible Government.
T -With increased morality, online availability of information and reduced red-tapism the process of governance becomes transparent leaving no room for the Government to conceal any information from the citizens.
These objects of E-Governance are achievable with the use of ICT and therefore the concept is very alluring and desirable.
My Name : VISHAKHA CHAUHAN
Reference website I used : a) www.indiaegovernance.blogspot.in
b) 2nd ARC report on e-governance.
But when we talk of E-Governance in the popular parlance we only refer to the governing of a Country/State using ICT.
E-governance therefore means the application of ICT to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of exchange of information and transaction between :
A: Government to citizens.
B: Citizens to Government.
C: Government to government.
D: Government to bussiness.
A:Government to Citizen
Government to Citizen relationship is the most basic aspect of E-Governance. In modern times, Government deals with many aspects of the life of a citizen. The relation of a citizen with the Government starts with the birth and ends with the death of the citizen. A person transacts with the Government on every corner of his life. May it be birth registration, marriage registration, divorce or death registration.
The G2C relation will include the services provided by the Government to the Citizens. These services include the public utility services i.e. Telecommunication, Transportation, Post, Medical facilities, Electricity, Education and also some of the democratic services relating to the citizenship such as Certification, Registration, Licensing, Taxation, Passports, ID Cards etc.
Therefore E-Governance in G2C relationship will involve facilitation of the services flowing from Government towards Citizens with the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT).
1.E-Citizenship- E-Citizenship will include the implementation of ICT for facilitation of Government Services relating to citizenship of an individual. It may involve online transactions relating to issue and renewal of documents likeRation Cards, Passports, Election Cards, Identity Cards, etc. It will require the Government to create a virtual identity of every citizen so as to enable them to access the Government services online. For the same, Government would need to create a Citizen Database which is a huge task.
2.E-Registration- E-Registration will cover the online registration of various contracts. An individual enters into several contracts during his life. Many of these contracts and transactions require registration for giving it legality and enforceability. Such registration may also be made ICT enabled. E-registration will help to reduce a significant amount of paperwork.
3.E-Transportation- E-Transportation services would include ICT enablement of services of Government relating to Transport by Road, Rail, Water or Air. This may involve online
1. booking and cancellation of tickets,
2. status of vehicles, railways, boats and flights,
3. issue and renewal of Driving Licences,
4. registration and renewal of vehicles,
5. transfer of vehicles,
6. payment of the fees of licences,
7. payment of fees and taxes for vehicle registration,
4.E-Health- E-Health services would be ICT enablement of the health services of the Government. Under this interconnection of all hospitals may take place. A patient database may be created. A local pharmacy database may also be created. All this can be done.
5.E-Education- E-Education would cover the implementation of ICT in imparting of education and conducting of Courses. Distant as will as classroom education will be facilitated with the use of ICT. Use of internet can reduce the communication time required in Distance education; Internet may also help in conducting online classes.
6.E-Help- E-Help refers to facilitation of disaster and crisis management using ICT. It includes the use of technologies like internet, SMS, etc. for the purpose of reducing the response time of the Government agencies to the disasters.NGOs help Government in providing help in situations of disasters. Online information relating to disasters, warnings and calls for help can help the Government and the NGOs coordinate their work and facilitate and speed up the rescue work.
7.E-Taxation- E-Taxation will facilitate the taxing process by implementing ICT in the taxing process. Online tax due alerts and online payment of taxes would help transact faster.
B.Citizen to Government
Citizen to Government relationship will include the communication of citizens with the Government arising in the Democratic process like voting, campaigning, feedback, etc.
1.E-Democracy- The true concept of Democracy includes the participation of the citizens in the democratic and governing process. Today due to the increased population the active participation of the citizens in governing process is not possible. The ICT can help enable the true democratic process including voting, public opinion, feedback and Government accountability.
2.E-Feedback- E-Feedback includes the use of ICT for the purpose of giving feedback to the Government. Lobbying is pursuing the Government to take a certain decision. Use of ICT can enable online feedback to the Government, online debates as to the Government services.
C.Government to Government
G2G relationship would include the relationships between Central and State Government and also the relationship between two or more Government departments.
1.E-administration- E-administration would include the implementation of ICT in the functioning of the Government, internally and externally. Implementation of ICT can reduce the communication time between the Government Departments and Governments. It can substantially reduce paperwork if properly used. E-administration will also bring morality and transparency to the administration of Government Departments.
2.E-police- The concept of E-police is little different from Cyber-Police. Cyber Police require technology experts to curb the electronic/cyber crimes. E-police refers to the use of ICT for the purpose of facilitating the work of the Police department in investigation and administration. The concept of E-police includes databases of Police Officers, their performances, Criminal databases wanted as well as in custody, the trends in crimes and much more. ICT can help reduce the response time of the Police department and also reduce cost by reducing paperwork.
3.E-courts- The concept of E-Court will include the ICT enablement of the judicial process. Technology may help distant hearing, online summons and warrants and online publication of Judgments and Decrees.
D.Government to Business
1.E-Taxation- Corporate sector pays many taxes, duties and dues to the Government. Payment of these taxes and duties will be made easier by E-Taxation. Online taxing and online payment of taxes can help reduce cost and time required for physical submission of taxes. ICT can also help crosscheck the frauds and deficiencies in payment, further bringing accuracy and revenue to the Government.
2.E-Licencing- Companies have to acquire various licences from the Government, similarly the companies have to acquire various registrations. ICT enablement of the licensing and registration can reduce time and cost.
3.E-Tendering- E-Tendering will include the facilities of online tendering and procurement. It will online alerts as to new opportunities of business with the Government and also online submission of tenders and online allotment of work. It will reduce time and cost involved in the physical tendering system.
The goals of e-Governance are:
1. Better service delivery to citizens
2. Ushering in transparency and accountability
3. Empowering people through information
4. Improved efficiency within Governments
5. Improve interface with business and industry.
The types of services possible through e-Governance can be broadly classified into three categories
(1) providing information
(2) improving processing efficiency
(3) facilitating transactions.
Amongst these, providing information is the simplest and the degree of complexities increase as we move from information to transactions. But it is the second and the third category of services that provide maximum convenience to the citizens. The challenge is to cover such services.
iv
The four pillars of e-Governance are:
People
Process
Technology
Resources.
The object of E-Governance is to provide a SMART Government.
The Acronym SMART refers to Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, Responsible and Transparent Government.
S- The use of ICT brings simplicity in governance through electronic documentation, online submission, online service delivery, etc.
M -It brings Morality to governance as immoralities like bribing, red-tapism, etc. are eliminated.
A -It makes the Government accountable as all the data and information of Government is available online for consideration of every citizen, the NGOs and the media.
R -Due to reduced paperwork and increased communication speeds and decreased communication time, the Government agencies become responsive.
R -Technology can help convert an irresponsible Government Responsible. Increased access to information makes more informed citizens. And these empowered citizens make a responsible Government.
T -With increased morality, online availability of information and reduced red-tapism the process of governance becomes transparent leaving no room for the Government to conceal any information from the citizens.
These objects of E-Governance are achievable with the use of ICT and therefore the concept is very alluring and desirable.
My Name : VISHAKHA CHAUHAN
Reference website I used : a) www.indiaegovernance.blogspot.in
b) 2nd ARC report on e-governance.
e-technology to aid farmers
e-technology to aid farmers
Greenhouse gases from agriculture account forover ten percentof total emissions globally, roughly equivalent to the entire global transport sector. Meanwhile, it is estimated that agricultural production will need to increase by about 70% by 2050 to keep pace with global population growth. Whats more, the real impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector are likely going to be hardest felt in many of those countries whose people rely on agriculture most for their livelihoods. In sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, for example, some estimates show areduction in the productivityof most major food crops as a result of changes to the climate over the next forty years.
The increasing availability of affordable technologies that have the potential to reduce greenhouse gases and increase productivity in agriculture. Information and communications technologies, like the mobile phone, video, and even radio. Asmobile phone penetration ratescontinue to grow at a rapid rate throughout the globe, farmers now have access to a growing number of agricultural information services both through SMS and voice. In short, they make it easier to share locally relevant information on improved techniques and to provide time-specific information and recommendations such as weather forecasts etc.
In addition to mobile phone services, a low-cost video equipment to create locally made extension videos to share the stories of farmers who have made the change to more sustainable practices with their peers in other communities. And not to be outdone, by coupling mobile phone access with radio access, interactive radio programs can be developed where farmers can ask their doubts and concerns to an expert having relevant information. This will lead to two way flow of information and at the same time better assimilation and use of information provided. Government has taken some steps in this direction and is broadcasting programs in rural areas. Also doordarshan shows programs such as Krishi Darshan where information related to new technologies, seeds, irrigation techniques are shown.
Also since penetration of computer and internet is also increasing in rural area it is opening a completely new dimension of information flow. Private sector can also be involved now to provide IT solutions and software. This area seems to be most promising as many facilities can be used like audio video conferencing, instant search on internet , fast access of information etc. With development of new software and applications it will be easy also to operate and handle them. This will also provide employment opportunities to youth.
A successful initiative by private sector known as e-Choupal can be mentioned here. It is a business platform consisting of a set of organizational subsystems and interfaces connecting farmers to global markets. This common structure can be used to provide products and services for farmers as producer as well as consumer. The e-Choupal business consists of:
* The infrastructure (physical or organizational) through which transaction takes place.
* The entity (person or organization) making the transaction.
* The geographical coverage.
One e-choupal serves a cluster of five villages. This e-choupal provides free information and knowledge which ensures wide participation by the farmer. The entity which provides the facility create revenue through transactions on commission basis.
Of course, the potential impact of ICT on its own is not enough to overcome the very real climate and food security challenges that our country and in fact world faces over the next several decades. It is important to remember that while the technologies can be used to support the transition to more sustainable agricultural practices, they still require someone to create high quality and relevant content, and someone to pay for the dissemination of that information. However, there is cause for optimism that just as technology has enabled the rapid spread of entertainment, it may also facilitate a faster transition to environmentally friendlier forms of agriculture in the parts of the world that need them most. And while that alone wont solve the problem, it is certainly a helpful start.
References:1. http://www.e-agriculture.org/blog/how-ict-helping-farmers-and-combatting-climate-change
2. Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh
Name: Ayush Rai
Greenhouse gases from agriculture account forover ten percentof total emissions globally, roughly equivalent to the entire global transport sector. Meanwhile, it is estimated that agricultural production will need to increase by about 70% by 2050 to keep pace with global population growth. Whats more, the real impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector are likely going to be hardest felt in many of those countries whose people rely on agriculture most for their livelihoods. In sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, for example, some estimates show areduction in the productivityof most major food crops as a result of changes to the climate over the next forty years.
The increasing availability of affordable technologies that have the potential to reduce greenhouse gases and increase productivity in agriculture. Information and communications technologies, like the mobile phone, video, and even radio. Asmobile phone penetration ratescontinue to grow at a rapid rate throughout the globe, farmers now have access to a growing number of agricultural information services both through SMS and voice. In short, they make it easier to share locally relevant information on improved techniques and to provide time-specific information and recommendations such as weather forecasts etc.
In addition to mobile phone services, a low-cost video equipment to create locally made extension videos to share the stories of farmers who have made the change to more sustainable practices with their peers in other communities. And not to be outdone, by coupling mobile phone access with radio access, interactive radio programs can be developed where farmers can ask their doubts and concerns to an expert having relevant information. This will lead to two way flow of information and at the same time better assimilation and use of information provided. Government has taken some steps in this direction and is broadcasting programs in rural areas. Also doordarshan shows programs such as Krishi Darshan where information related to new technologies, seeds, irrigation techniques are shown.
Also since penetration of computer and internet is also increasing in rural area it is opening a completely new dimension of information flow. Private sector can also be involved now to provide IT solutions and software. This area seems to be most promising as many facilities can be used like audio video conferencing, instant search on internet , fast access of information etc. With development of new software and applications it will be easy also to operate and handle them. This will also provide employment opportunities to youth.
A successful initiative by private sector known as e-Choupal can be mentioned here. It is a business platform consisting of a set of organizational subsystems and interfaces connecting farmers to global markets. This common structure can be used to provide products and services for farmers as producer as well as consumer. The e-Choupal business consists of:
* The infrastructure (physical or organizational) through which transaction takes place.
* The entity (person or organization) making the transaction.
* The geographical coverage.
One e-choupal serves a cluster of five villages. This e-choupal provides free information and knowledge which ensures wide participation by the farmer. The entity which provides the facility create revenue through transactions on commission basis.
Of course, the potential impact of ICT on its own is not enough to overcome the very real climate and food security challenges that our country and in fact world faces over the next several decades. It is important to remember that while the technologies can be used to support the transition to more sustainable agricultural practices, they still require someone to create high quality and relevant content, and someone to pay for the dissemination of that information. However, there is cause for optimism that just as technology has enabled the rapid spread of entertainment, it may also facilitate a faster transition to environmentally friendlier forms of agriculture in the parts of the world that need them most. And while that alone wont solve the problem, it is certainly a helpful start.
References:1. http://www.e-agriculture.org/blog/how-ict-helping-farmers-and-combatting-climate-change
2. Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh
Name: Ayush Rai
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