Some Social Sector Schemes + Poverty methodology Might have

Some Social Sector Schemes + Poverty methodology Might have missed many schemes, but have tried to include those in news recently.
MGNREGS

* This scheme aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

* It also mandates 1/3 participation for women.

* The primary objective of the scheme is to augment wage employment. This is to be done while creating durable assets and also focus on strengthening natural resource management through works that address causes of chronic poverty like drought, deforestation, and soil erosion and thus encourage sustainable development.

MNREGS A critical Appraisal

* A study of the best performing water harvesting assets in Bihar, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Kerala show a majority of the assets studied had a return on investment of well over 100 per cent, with investment costs recovered in less than one year

* Perception-based surveys, including those carried out by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) in three States showed that the vast majority of assets were being used, and the people found them useful.

* Different studies have shown that scheme has provided livelihood and income security, decreased the incidence of poverty, increased food intake, reduced mental depression, positively affected health outcomes, and been successful as a self targeting scheme as the poorest and most marginalised communities have sought work.

* In many States, it has decreased gender differential in wages accompanied by an increase in agricultural productivity and growth. This increase in agricultural productivity could be due to the watershed and water harvesting works, as well as the land development work on the fallow private lands of SC, ST and BPL families to make them productive.

* The report also shows that there is poor implementation in many places. Average wages paid are lower than minimum wages; there is a distressing delay in the payment of wages; demand is not properly captured (an NSSO survey found 19 per cent of people who wanted work did not get it); dated receipts for work applications are not properly given; and the payment of unemployment allowance is a rarity. There is a shortage of staff, and there are many instances of irregular flow of funds. Non-compliance with proactive disclosure provisions such as muster rolls being available at worksites continues to be a problem in some States. As a result, leakages and corrupt practices continue to exist. While social audits in Andhra Pradesh have significantly increased awareness and identified fraud, they are a facade in most other States.






National Rural Health Mission



Bhartiya Mahila Bank
* Womens Bank with an allocation of `1000 announced in 2013 budget.
* Bank will lend mostly to women and women run businesses, that supports women Self Help Groups and womens livelihood, that employs predominantly women, and that addresses gender related aspects of empowerment and financial inclusion.
* One of its primary goals is the financial inclusion of Indias unbanked, more specifically, rural wome
* It will lend to women or to businesses which are either managed by or make products for women.
* There will also be emphasis on funding for skills developments to help in economic activity. Moreover, the products will be designed in a manner to give a slight concession on loan rates to women.
* Usha Ananthasubramanian will be the Boss (CEO). Before joining the Bharatiya Mahila Bank, Usha Ananthasubramanian was executive director of Punjab National Bank.


National Urban Health Mission
* The Union Cabinet gave its approval to launch a National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) as a new sub-mission under the over-arching National Health Mission (NHM). Under the Scheme the following proposals have been approved :
* One Urban Primary Health Centre (U-PHC) for every fifty to sixty thousand population.
* One Urban Community Health Centre (U-CHC) for five to six U-PHCs in big cities.
* One Auxiliary Nursing Midwives (ANM) for 10,000 population.
* One Accredited Social Health Activist ASHA (community link worker) for 200 to 500 households.
* The scheme will focus on primary health care needs of the urban poor.
* The interventions under the sub-mission will result in
* Reduction in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
* Reduction in Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
* Universal access to reproductive health care
* Convergence of all health related interventions.


National Food Security Bill
* 75% of rural and 50% of the urban population are entitled for three years from enactment to five kg food grains per month at INR3 (4.6 US), INR2 (3.1 US), INR1 (1.5 US) per kg for rice, wheat and coarse grains (millet), respectively;[5]
* The states are responsible for determining eligibility;
* Pregnant women and lactating mothers are entitled to a nutritious "take home ration" of 600 Calories and a maternity benefit of at least Rs 6,000 for six months;
* Children 6 months to 14 years of age are to receive free hot meals or "take home rations";
* The central government will provide funds to states in case of short supplies of food grains;
* The current food grain allocation of the states will be protected by the central government for at least six months;
* The state governments will provide a food security allowance to the beneficiaries in case of non-supply of food grains;
* The Public Distribution System is to be reformed;
* The eldest woman in the household, 18 years or above, is the head of the household for the issuance of the ration card;
* There will be state- and district-level redress mechanisms; and
* State Food Commissions will be formed for implementation and monitoring of the provisions of the Act.

Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)
* The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved the Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA), a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) for reforming the state higher education system.
* The important objectives of the scheme are:
* Improving the overall quality of existing state higher educational institutions by ensuring conformity to prescribed norms and standards and adoption of accreditation as a mandatory quality assurance framework.
* Correct regional imbalances in access to higher education through high quality institutions in rural and semi urban areas as well as creating opportunities for students from rural areas to get access to better quality institutions.
* Setting up of higher education institutions in unserved and underserved areas.
* Improve equity in higher education by providing adequate opportunities to socially deprived communities; promote inclusion of women, minorities, SC/ST and OBCs as well as differently abled persons.
* Ensure adequate availability of quality faculty in all higher educational institutions and ensure capacity building at all levels.
* Create an enabling atmosphere in higher educational institutions to devote themselves to research and innovation.
* Integrate skill developments efforts of the government with the conventional higher education system through optimum interventions.

National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM)
* The Mission of NULM is to reduce poverty and vulnerability of the urban poor households by enabling them to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage employment opportunities, resulting in an appreciable improvement in their livelihoods on a sustainable basis, through building strong grassroots level institutions of the poor.
* The mission would also aim at providing shelter equipped with essential services to the urban homeless in a phased manner.
* In addition, the Mission would also address livelihood concerns of the urban street vendors also by facilitating access to suitable spaces, institutional credit, social security and skills to the urban street vendors for accessing emerging market opportunities.
* NULM will rest on the foundation of community mobilization and women empowerment.
* Under the Mission, City Livelihood Centres (CLCs) will be established in Mission cities to provide a platform whereby the urban poor can market their services and access information on self-employment, skill training and other benefits.
* Through the Self-Employment Programme (SEP), NULM will provide financial assistance to individuals and groups of urban poor to set up gainful self-employment / micro-enterprise ventures.

Universal Immunization ProgrammeUnder UIP, Govt. gives children vaccine for seven diseases
* Polio
* Measles
* Childhood TB
* Hepatitis B
* Tetanus
* Diphtheria
* Pertussis (whooping cough)
* BIBCOL is the public sector undertaking (PSU) which manufactures Oral polio vaccine for Universal immunization program.A
* Government has declared year 2012-13, as Year of Intensification of Routine Immunization.
* Government is setting up the Integrated Vaccine Complex under Universal immunization program. Itll provide vaccines at affordable prices and also manufacture Pentavalent Vaccine. It will be located in Kanchipuram, TN.
* Penta-valent includes vaccine for following diseases
* Diphtheria
* Pertussis
* Tetanus,
* Hepatitis-B
* Hib. (Hib Haemophilus Influenzae Type B). It is Responsible For Pneumonia, Meningitis And Epiglottitis)

National Rural Livelihood Mission (Ajeevika)The Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana has been restructured as the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM). The NRLM aims at reducing poverty by enabling poor households to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage employment opportunities. The salient features of the NRLM are
* Ajeevika will be a demand driven programme and the states will formulate their own poverty reduction action plans under it based on their past experience, resources and skill base.
* It will provide for a professional support structure for programme implementation.
* at least one member from each identified rural poor household, preferably a woman, to be brought under the SHG network in a time-bound manner, the ultimate target being 100 per cent coverage of BPL families;
* ensuring 50% beneficiaries are from SC/ST , 15% from minorities and 3% from disabled.
* to work towards universal financial inclusion beyond basic banking services to all poor households, SHGs, and their federations on both the demand and supply sides of financial inclusion;
* in order to ensure affordable credit, the NRLM has a provision for subsidy on interest rates above 7 per cent per annum for all eligible SHGs who have availed of loans from mainstream financial institutions, based on prompt loan repayment;
* to develop backward and forward linkages and support business plans;
* to pursue skill upgradation and placement projects through partnership mode, with the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) being one of the leading partners in this effort and 15 per cent of the central allocation under the NRLM earmarked for this purpose;
* Establishment of Rural Self Employment Training Institutes in every district in partnership with banks.
* Linkage of SHGs with corporate.

Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana
* The Janashree Bima Yojana (JBY) has now been merged with the AABY to provide better administration of life insurance cover to the economically backward sections of society.
* The scheme extends life and disability cover to persons between the ages of 18 and 59 years living below and marginally above the poverty line under 47 identified vocational/occupational groups, including 'rural landless households'.
* It provides insurance cover of a sum of `30,000 on natural death, 75,000 on death due to accident, `37,500 for partial permanent disability due to accident, and `75,000 on death or total permanent disability due to accident.
* The scheme also provides an add-on benefit of scholarship of `100 per month per child paid on half-yearly basis to a maximum of two children per member studying in Classes 9 to 12 (including ITI courses).
* The total annual premium under the scheme is `200 per beneficiary of which 50 per cent is contributed from the Social Security Fund created by the central government and maintained by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). The balance 50 per cent is contributed by beneficiary/state governments/union territory (UT) administrations.
* The scheme is being implemented through the LIC.

Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)
* RSBY has been launched by Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India to provide health insurance coverage for Below Poverty Line (BPL) families. The objective of RSBY is to provide protection to BPL households from financial liabilities arising out of health shocks that involve hospitalization.
* In Budget 2013, the Finance Minister has extended Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana to rickshaw, auto-rickshaw and taxi drivers, sanitation workers, rag pickers and mine workers.
* Beneficiaries under RSBY are entitled to hospitalization coverage up to Rs. 30,000/- for most of the diseases that require hospitalization.
* Pre-existing conditions are covered from day one and there is no age limit. Coverage extends to five members of the family which includes the head of household, spouse and up to three dependents. Beneficiaries need to pay only Rs. 30/- as registration fee while Central and State Government pays the premium to the insurer selected by the State Government on the basis of a competitive bidding.
* RSBY provides the participating BPL household with freedom of choice between public and private hospitals
* A beneficiary of RSBY gets cashless benefit in any of the empanelled hospitals (beneficiary can avail services in any RSBY hospital across India). He/ she only needs to carry his/ her smart card and provide verification through his/ her finger print.
* The premium is shared on 75:25 basis by the centre and state governments (90:10 in Jammu and NE states)

Unorganized Workers Social Security Act (2008)
* The Act came into force from 16 May 2009 with the objective of providing social security to unorganized workers
* National Social Security Board looks into administration of unorganized sector Act, formulation of policies at the national level and mobilization of finances and allocating them to state boards. It reviews the working including auditing of State-level Social security boards every four years and makes recommendations for further improvement.
* The state level boards are the key implementing agencies that will ensure the delivery of the social security entitlement
* A National Social Security Fund for Unorganized Sector Workers with initial allocation of ` 1000 crore has been set up. This Fund will support schemes for weavers, toddy tappers, rickshaw pullers, bidi workers, etc

Bharat Nirman YojanaThis scheme was launched in 2005-06 for building infrastructure and basic amenities in rural areas. It has 6 components
* Water Supply - Every habitation to have a safe source of drinking water.
* Housing - Construction of 1.2 crore houses by 2014.
* Telecommunication and Information Technology - Increase rural tele-density to 40% and provide broadband connectivity and Bharat Nirman Seva Kendras to all Panchayats.
* Roads - Provide road connections to all villages with population of 1000 or 500 in case of hilly or tribal areas.
* Electrification Every village to be provided electricity.
* Irrigation 10 million hectares of additional irrigation capacity.

Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Arewas (PURA)
* Concept of PURA was promoted by President Kalam. It aims to bridge the rural-urban divide and achieve balanced social economic development. It aims to meet the gaps in physical and social infrastructure in rural clusters around town with population of one lakh or less to further their growth potential. Identified areas are:
* Road, transportation and power connectivity
* Electronic connectivity
* Knowledge connectivity (good schools etc.)
* Market connectivity to enable farmers to get best prices.
* Provision of drinking water supply and upgradation of health facilities.

Indira Awaas Yojana
* It is one of the six components of the Bharat Nirman Programme.
* It is a Government of India social welfare programme to provide housing for the rural poor in India.
* Under the scheme, financial assistance worth Rs. 70000/- in plain areas and Rs. 75000/- in difficult areas (high land area) is provided for construction of houses. The houses are allotted in the name of the woman or jointly between husband and wife.
* The construction of the houses is the sole responsibility of the beneficiary and engagement of contractors is strictly prohibited.
* Sanitary latrine and smokeless chullah are required to be constructed along with each IAY house for which additional financial assistance is provided from Total Sanitation Campaign and Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana respectively
* Another significant change is the extension of the scheme to the urban poor who got displaced from rural areas.
* The increment of unit assistance for homestead site to rural below poverty line (BPL) households who have neither agricultural land nor a house site has been raised from Rs 10,000 to Rs 20,000

Jalmani Programme
* It is a scheme to provide 100 per cent assistance to states for installing stand-alone water purification systems in schools in rural areas was launched in 2008. Operated by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyaan
* Studies conducted by World Health Organisation and UNICEF have found that with 626 million people defecating in the open, India has the largest population without access to toilets (only 32.7% of rural households have latrines).
* Encouraged by the success of Nirmal Gram Puraskar(NGP), the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) has been renamed as Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA).
* The objective is to accelerate the sanitation coverage in the rural areas. Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) envisages covering the entire community for saturated outcomes with a view to create Nirmal Gram Panchayats with following priorities:
* Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas
* Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to achieve the vision of Nirmal Bharat by 2022 with all gram Panchayats in the country attaining Nirmal status.
* Provision of Individual Household Latrine (IHHL) for both Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Identified Above Poverty Line (APL) households within a Gram Panchayat (GP).
* Motivate communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions promoting sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education. Extensive capacity building of the stake holders like Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSCs) and field functionaries for sustainable sanitation.
* To cover the remaining schools not covered under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and Anganwadi Centres in the rural areas with proper sanitation facilities and undertake proactive promotion of hygiene education and sanitary habits among students.
* Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation.
* Develop community managed environmental sanitation systems focusing on solid & liquid waste management for overall cleanliness in the rural areas.

National Rural Drinking Water Programme


JNNURMIt is a programme meant to improve the quality of life and infrastructure in the cities. Projects pertaining to following are not eligible for JNNURM assistance:
* Power
* Telecom
* Health
* Education
* Wage employmentJNNURM has two sub-missions
* Mission for Urban Infrastructure and governance with a focus on water supply and sanitation, solid waste management, road network etc. It is implemented by urban development ministry.
* Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor with a focus on integrated development of slums. It is administered by ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation. JNNURM has further components.
* Mission for urban infrastructure development of small and medium towns It will subsume schemes of Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns (IDSMT) and Accelerated Urban Water Supply Programme (AUWSP).
* Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor (ISHUP) seeks to supplement the efforts of the government through the JNNURM to comprehensively address the housing shortage

Rajiv Awaas Yojana
* It seeks to provide support for shelter and redevelopment and creation of affordable housing stock to states that are willing to assign property rights to slum dwellers primarily in urban areas. It is to be implemented in two phases.
* Phase 1 will start from 2011-13. In order to address the credit enablement of economically weaker sections government has approved establishment of a credit risk guarantee fund with an initial corpus of 100 crores.

Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS)
* The ILCS aims at conversion of individual dry latrines into pour flush latrines, thereby liberating manual scavengers from the age-old, obnoxious practice of manually carrying night soil.
* The scheme is on an all-town coverage basis irrespective of the population criterion and is limited to EWS households. The scheme is funded on a sharing basis, i.e. central subsidy 75 per cent, state subsidy 15 per cent, and beneficiary share 10 per cent.

Sarva Siksha Abhiyaan (SSA)
* Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is Government of India's flagship programme for achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time bound manner, as mandated by 86th amendment to the Constitution of India making free and compulsory Education to the Children of 6-14 years age group, a Fundamental Right.
* Main features are :
* Opening of new schools in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of additional class rooms, toilets, drinking water, maintenance grant and school improvement grants.
* Existing schools with inadequate teacher strength are provided with additional teachers, while the capacity of existing teachers is being strengthened by extensive training
* SSA seeks to provide quality elementary education including life skills.
* SSA has a special focus on girl's education and children with special needs.
* SSA also seeks to provide computer education to bridge the digital divide.
* Centre shares 68% of the funds after the 13th finance commission allocated additional resources.
* Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya scheme (KGBV) which aimed to set up residential schools with boarding facilities at elementary level for girls belonging predominantly to the SC, ST, OBC and minorities in difficult areas has been merged with SSA.

National Programme for Education of Girls atElementary Level (NPEGEL)
* This is a focused intervention for reaching out to the hardest to reach girls. It provides additional support for enhancing girls' education over and above the investments for girls' education under the SSA, including gender sensitization of teachers, development of gender-sensitive material, and provision of need-based incentives. The scheme is implemented in educationally backward blocks (EBB) where rural female literacy is low.

National Programme for Midday Meals
* Under this scheme cooked midday meals are provided to all children attending Classes I-VIII in government, local body, government-aided schools and other institutions supported under SSA.
* At present the cooked midday meal provides an energy content of 450 calories and protein content of 12 grams at primary stage and an energy content of 700 calories and protein content of 20 grams at upper primary stage.
* Adequate quantity of micro-nutrients like iron, folic acid, and vitamin A are also recommended for convergence with the NRHM.

Saakshar Bharat
* Saakshar Bharat is a government of India initiative launched by Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh to create a literate society through a variety of teaching learning programmes for non-literate and neo-literate of 15 years and above.
* The National Literacy Mission, recast as SB, reflects the enhanced focus on female literacy
* The government has taken focused measures for reducing the disparities in backward areas and target group
* Mission has been envisaged as a people's programme, stakeholders, especially at grassroots level i.e. PRIs, have due say and role in its planning and implementation.
* Set up Lok Shiksha Kendras

Inclusive Education for the Disabled at Secondary Stage (IEDSS)
* While inclusive education for disabled children at elementary level is being provided under the SSA, this scheme provides 100 per cent central assistance for inclusive education of disabled children studying in Classes IX-XII in mainstream government, local body, and government-aided schools.
* The aim of the scheme is to facilitate continuation of education of children with special needs up to higher secondary level. The scheme provides for personal requirements of the children in the form of assistive devices etc. and scholarship for the girl child up to 3000 per disabled child per annum. In addition, assistance is also provided for salary of special teachers, capacity building of teachers etc.
* The IEDSS scheme has replaced the earlier Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC) scheme.

Selected Health Indicators
* MMR (per 100,000 live births) 212
* IMR (per 1000 live births) 46


HUNGaMA Survey in 100 Focus Districts on Hunger and Malnutrition
* A reduction in the prevalence of child malnutrition is observed - Prevalence of child underweight has decreased from 53 per cent to 42 per cent
* Child malnutrition is widespread across states and districts and starts early in life - 42 per cent of children under five are underweight and 59 per cent are stunted. Of the children suffering from stunting, about half are severely stunted; about half of all children are underweight or stunted by age 24 months.
* Birth weight is an important risk-factor for child malnutrition - Prevalence of underweight in children born with a weight below 2.5 kg is 50 per cent while that among children born with a weight above 2.5 kg is 34 per cent.
* Household socio-economic status has a significant effect on children's nutrition status - Prevalence of malnutrition is significantly higher among children from low-income families. Children from Muslim or SC/ST households generally have worse nutrition indicators.
* Girls' nutrition advantage over boys fades away with time - Nutrition advantage girls have over boys in the first months of life seems to be reversed over time as they grow older, potentially indicating neglect vis--vis girls in early childhood

AYUSHThe Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) is a part of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of the Government of India.
* The Suruta Sahit and the Charaka Sahit are among the foundational and formally compiled works of Ayurveda
* Yoga is one of the six systems of Vedic philosophy. Maharishi Patanjali, rightly called "The Father of Yoga" compiled and refined various aspects of Yoga systematically in his "Yoga Sutras" (aphorisms). He advocated the eight folds path of Yoga, popularly known as "Ashtanga Yoga" for all-round development of human beings. These steps are believed to have a potential for improvement of physical health by enhancing circulation of oxygenated blood in the body, retraining the sense organs thereby inducing tranquillity and serenity of mind.
* Naturopathy, or Naturopathic Medicine, is a type of alternative medicine based on a belief in vitalism, which posits that a special energy called vital energy or vital force guides bodily processes such as metabolism, reproduction, growth, and adaptation. Modern Naturopathy movement was started in Germany and other western countries with Water Cure (Hydrotherapy) therapy. Gandhiji was a proponent of Naturopathy.
* Unani system originated in Greece. The foundation of Unani system was laid by Hippocrates. The system owes its present form to the Arabs who not only saved much of the Greek literature by rendering it into Arabic but also enriched the medicine of their day with their own contributions
* The term Siddha means achievements and Siddhars were saintly persons who achieved results in medicine. Eighteen Siddhars were said to have contributed towards the development of this medical system. Siddha literature is in Tamil and it is practised largely in Tamil speaking part of India and abroad. The Siddha System is largely therapeutic in nature.
* Homeopathy is a system of alternative medicine originated in 1796 by Samuel Hahnemann, based on his doctrine according to which a substance that causes the symptoms of a disease in healthy people will cure that disease in sick people. Scientific research has found homeopathic remedies ineffective and their postulated mechanisms of action implausible.

IMR
* Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of deaths of children less than one year of age per 1000 live births. Neonatal or newborn death is mortality occurring within 28 days postpartum. Neonatal death is often attributed to inadequate access to basic medical care during and after the mother delivers her newborn. It accounts for 40-60% of infant mortality in developing countries.
* Post-neonatal infant mortality occurs when the child is 29 days to a year old. Biggest contributors to post-neonatal deaths are malnutrition, infectious disease, and home environment.
* Peri-natal mortality occurs in the late fetal period, which typically occurs after 28 weeks gestation and the first week postpartum.

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)
* It is a safe motherhood intervention program under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) being implemented with the objective of reducing maternal and neo-natal mortality by promoting institutional delivery among the poor pregnant women. JSY is a 100 % centrally sponsored scheme and it integrates cash assistance with delivery and post-delivery care. The success of the scheme would be determined by the increase in institutional delivery among the poor families
* The Yojana has identified ASHA, the accredited social health activist as an effective link between the Government and the poor pregnant women in l0 low performing states and the remaining NE States.

Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojna (IGMSY)
* It is a new scheme for pregnant and lactating women. It aims at providing cash incentives (4000) for improved health and nutrition to pregnant and lactating mothers. It attempts to partly compensate for wage loss to pregnant and lactating women both prior to and after delivery of the child. The scheme will be implemented by using the infrastructure of ICDS including support of health systems.
* It is not available to women who get paid maternity leaves.

Janani Shishu Surakhsa Karyakram
* The new initiative of JSSK would provide completely free and cashless services to pregnant women including normal deliveries and caesarean operations and sick new born (up to 30 days after birth) in Government health institutions in both rural and urban areas.
* JSSK supplements the cash assistance given to a pregnant woman under Janani Suraksha Yojana and is aimed at mitigating the burden of out of pocket expenses incurred by pregnant women and sick newborns. Besides it would be a major factor in enhancing access to public health institutions and help bring down the Maternal Mortality and Infant mortality rates. Presently it is noted that, out of pocket expenses and user charges for transport, admission, diagnostic tests, medicines and consumables, caesarean operation are being incurred by pregnant women and their families even in the case of institutional deliveries.
* The Free Entitlements under JSSK would include: Free and Cashless Delivery, Free C-Section, Free treatment of sick-new-born up to 30 days, Exemption from User Charges, Free Drugs and Consumables, Free Diagnostics, Free Diet during stay in the health institutions 3 days in case of normal delivery and 7 days in case of caesarean section, Free Provision of Blood, Free Transport from Home to Health Institutions, Free Transport between facilities in case of referral as also Drop Back from Institutions to home after 48hrs stay.

Integrated Child Development Services
* The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme was launched in 1975 with the following objectives:
* to improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age-group 0-6 years;
* to reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout;
* to achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation amongst the various departments to promote child development; and
* to enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.
* The above objectives are sought to be achieved through a package of services comprising:
* supplementary nutrition,
* immunization,
* health check-up,
* referral services,
* pre-school non-formal education
* nutrition & health education
* The Anganwadi is the delivery centre of ICDS and is mainly managed by the Anganwadi worker. She is a health worker chosen from the community and given 4 months training in health, nutrition and child-care. She is in-charge of an Anganwadi which covers a population of 1000.Appraisal
* The scheme suffers from discrepancies and a lack of commitment. Its focus has been mainly on quantitative coverage, food distribution to the 3-5 age group and pre-school education. The most critical period of a childs development is from conception to the first two years but funds allocated are the least for this group.
* To break the intergenerational cycle of under-nutrition, ICDS should enable anganwadi workers to concentrate on high-risk group. Community participation in terms of creating focus groups for pregnant women and young mothers to educate them on healthy practices should also be encouraged.
* Provision of conditional food coupons instead of the nutritious powder can help combat under-nutrition more effectively. Such a model has been successful in the United States in the form of the WIC program.
* The ICDS has contained severe protein-energy malnutrition, but failed to alleviate mild to moderate under-nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies.
* Involvement of 3 tier panchayat in ICDS has so far been nil. The guidelines should be revised to give an effective role to PRIs.

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram
* The initiative is to provide comprehensive healthcare and improve the quality of life of children through early detection of birth defects, diseases, deficiencies, development delays including disability.
* With the launch of the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram, regular health screening of children in public health facilities, Aanganwadis and Government and Government aided schools for defects at birth, diseases, deficiencies and development disorders will be done now. This programme will cover 25 crore children all over the country in a phased manner and provide for free follow up management and treatment at the district hospitals and at tertiary levels. Program will be covered under NRHM.

Integrated Child Protection Scheme
* It seeks to contribute to improvement of children in difficult circumstances, to reduce vulnerability of children. It also seeks to provide preventive, statutory and rehabilitation services to various socially disadvantaged children.

Ujjawala
* It is a comprehensive scheme for prevention of trafficking launched in 2007 with following major components: Prevention, Rescue, Rehabilitation, Reintegration and Repatriation (Priyadarshini is a similar scheme, may be the two are same?)

Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (Sabla)
* It is a merger of Kishori Shakti Yojna (KSY) and National Programme for Adolescent girls (NPAG). SABLA aims to empower adolescent girls of 11 to 18 years by improving their nutritional and health status, up gradation of home skills, life skill and vocations skills. The girls are to be equipped with information on health and family welfare, hygiene and guidance on existing public services. The scheme also aims to mainstream out of school girls into formal education or non-formal education. Aanganwadi centers will be focal point for delivery of services.

Swadhar Greh
* Swadhar and Short Stay Home schemes have been merged into the 'Swadhar Greh' scheme in order to reach out to those women who are victims of unfortunate circumstances and are in need of institutional support for rehabilitation, so that they can lead their lives with dignity. Under the new scheme, women are provided emotional support and counselling to enable them to become self-reliant and get rehabilitated socially and economically through education, skill upgradation, and personality development.

Swabhiman
* It is a nationwide program on financial inclusion. It is focused on bringing the deprived sections of society in banking network to ensure that the benefits of economic growth reach everyone at all levels. The scheme will facilitate opening of bank accounts, provide need based credit and help to promote financial literacy in rural India.

Swayamsiddhya
* It is flagship programme of Ministry of Women and Child Development for women empowerment. It aims to mobilize women through self help groups, clusters and federation for income generation activities. The long term objective of the scheme is to achieve an all round development especially socially and economically by ensuring their access and control over resources through a sustained process of mobilization and convergence of all ongoing sectoral programs.

NPS
* New Pension System (NPS) was started in 2004, for the new recruits in Government of India (except the armed forces). In 2009 New Pension System (NPS) was opened up for any citizens in India who wanted to subscribe, even if they are not in Government service.
* Any person in the age group 18-60 can join. NRI's can also join.
* Permanent Retirement Account Number (PRAN) is a unique account number given to subscribers.
* PFRDA is the regulator for NPS.
* National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) works as the Central Record keeping Agency for NPA. It maintains record of every subscriber, based on his PRAN number.
* ICICI, UTI, SBI, Kotak etc are the fund managers for NPS. Subscribers can choose fund managers. Money can be invested in either equities or debts (Corporate bonds+Government securities. One can decide how much they want to invest in each of them. (with some caveats).
* NPS Lite was introduced for economically weaker sections of the society. Minimum contribution is 100 compared to 500 in NPS. An aggregator (e.g. NGO or Microfinance agent) comes to subscribers and collects money. In NPS lite by default 85% of money is invested in debt and 15% in equities.

Swavalamban
* To encourage the people from the unorganised sector to voluntarily save for their retirement and to lower the cost of operations of the New Pension Scheme (NPS) for such subscribers, Government will contribute Rs. 1000 per year to each NPS account opened in the year 2010-11. This initiative, Swavalamban will be available for persons who join NPS, with a minimum contribution of Rs. 1000 and a maximum contribution of Rs. 12000 per annum during the financial year 2010-11. The scheme will be available for another three years. It will benefit about 10 lakh NPS subscribers of the un-organised sector. The scheme will be managed by the interim Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority.

Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women (STEP)
* It seeks to impart training for up gradation of skills which would lead to their sustainable employment. The target group is marginalized, asset-less rural women and urban poor. It covers traditional sectors of employment such as agriculture, husbandry, handlooms, and waste land development.

Schemes under National Social Assistance Programme
* Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme - All persons of 60 years (and above) and belonging to below the poverty line category according to the criteria prescribed by the Government of India time to time, are eligible to be a beneficiary of the scheme. The pension amount is INR 400 (for persons above 80 years of age amount is 500) per month per person and states are supposed to contribute an equal amount. The death of a pensioner is immediately reported to the appropriate sanctioning authority by the village panchayats and municipalities and the payments are promptly stopped by the same
* Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme - A pension of Rs. 300 per month to be granted to widows aged 4059 living below poverty-line conditions. Pradhan of Gram panchayat shall review the list of widows and report in case of any re-marriage
* Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme - A pension of Rs. 300 per month to be granted to physically/mentally handicapped individuals aged 1859, living below poverty-line conditions. Beneficiary should be 80% disabled.
* National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) - In case of the death of the "primary breadwinner" of a household living below poverty line conditions, a lump sum grant of Rs. 20,000 is provided to the household. Beneficiary should be in the age group of 18 to 64 years
* Annapurna Scheme - It is a 100 % centrally sponsored scheme. It aims at providing food security to meet the requirement of those senior citizens who though eligible for pension under the National Old Age Pension Scheme are not getting the same. Under this 10 Kg of food grains per person per month would be supplied free of cost.
* I have got conflicting search results on the amount of pension that is provided Please verify and use accordingly

Grain Bank Scheme
* Launched with the objective of extending food security to remote regions of the country which cannot be covered under the formal PDS i.e. basically tribal areas. It is handled by Ministry of Tribal Affairs. Allocation of food grains was made for the first time during 2002-03 under the scheme

Valimiki Ambedkar Awaas Yojana (VAMBAY)
* Scheme seeks to ameliorate the conditions of urban slum dwellers living below poverty line

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)
* The RMSA was launched in March 2009 with the objective of enhancing access to secondary education and improving its quality.
* To increase the enrollment rate from current 52% (2005-06s number) to 75% within five years.
* Provide secondary school within reasonable distance from any habitation.
* Provide affordable (not free) secondary education to all. Universal access to secondary education by 2017 universal retention by 2020.
* It provides States support for construction of new school buildings and to existing secondary schools for strengthening of infrastructure, salary of teachers and staff sanctioned under the RMSA, learning enhancement programmes, equity interventions, etc

Model Schools Scheme
* A scheme for setting up of 6000 high quality model schools as a benchmark of excellence at block level at the rate of one school per block was launched in November 2008 to provide quality education to talented rural children.
* The scheme has two modes of implementation, viz. (i) 3500 schools are to be set up in as many EBBs through state governments and (ii) the remaining 2500 schools are to be set up under PPP mode in blocks which are not educationally backward

PMSSYPradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) aims at correcting regional imbalances in the availability of affordable/reliable tertiary health-care services and augmenting facilities for quality medical education in the country. It aims at (i) construction of 6 AIIMS-like institutions in the first phase at Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Jodhpur, Patna, Raipur, and Rishikesh and in the second phase in West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh, (ii) upgradation of 13 medical colleges in the first phase and 6 in the second phase.

Balshree
* Launched by National Bal Bhavan.Identify kids in four areas of creativity : art, performance, science, writingAnd then train and nurture them.

Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas YojanaProvides hostel Facilities to SC boys and girls in Middle and Higher Secondary Schools, Colleges, Universities. Funds given to states, NGOs to create infrastructure.

School Health ProgrammeA wide range of activities to target healthiness among school students. Biannual health screenings and early management of disease, disability etc. Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplement (WIFS) to tackle anemia in boys and girls. Immunization schemes etc.

Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
* Electrifying all villages and habitations as per new definition
* Providing access to electricity to all rural households
* Providing electricity Connection to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families free of charge
* Under the programme 90% grant is provided by Govt. of India and 10% as loan by Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) to the State Governments.
* REC is the nodal agency for the programme.


Poverty Estimates in India

* Planning commission is responsible for poverty estimation in rural and urban areas. It makes estimates based on National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) data. The Ministry of Rural Development conducts BPL census to identify individual households.

* Initially poverty estimates in India were done on the basis of Lakadwala methodology. This methodology is based on calorific intake. Calorie requirements for rural/urban populations were defined and people whose intake fell short of these requirements were considered as poor.

* The Tendulkar committee submitted its report in 2009 on the methodology for poverty estimation. It acknowledged the multidimensional nature of poverty and recommended moving away from calorie intake norms to adopting estimates of consumption expenditure as basis for future poverty lines. It measured rural head count ratio as 41.8 %, urban at 25.7% and overall at 37.2%.

* The state-wise estimates of poverty as recomputed by the Tendulkar Committee show that the highest poverty headcount ratios (PHRs) for 2004-5 exist in Odisha (57.2 per cent), followed by Bihar (54.4 per cent) and Chattisgarh(49.4 per cent) against the national average of 37.2 per cent.

* Government in May 2012 formed the Rangarajan committee to look into the matter of estimating the number of BPL households. The problems associated with Tendulkar committee methods are:

* It is difficult to come up with credible estimate of what can be considered a consumption basket and level of expenditure that would provide a definition of poverty

* Few are willing to accept the official position that Rs. 32 a day in urban areas or Rs. 26 a day in rural areas in 2010-11 was adequate to lift a person out of poverty

* While the Lakdawala committee had anchored the poverty estimate on a minimum calorific intake, the current poverty line excludes from the poor those whose calorific intake falls far short of the Lakdawala minimum.

* Estimates of the incidence of poverty at the level of the nation and the States yielded by the official poverty lines are seen as too low to be acceptable

* Focus of the new committee should be to:

* Find in the current historical and social context what could be considered a minimally acceptable level of consumption expenditure.

* Identify a defensible anchor (like calorific intake) or set of anchors to which poverty line estimates would be tethered for a reasonable period into the future.

* Find a robust methodology that would generate estimates that allow inter-temporal comparisons of poverty incidence so as to assess the impact that the path of development being pursued has had on poverty levels

* N.C.Saxena Committee

* It was constituted by Ministry of Rural Development to advise it on the suitable methodology for BPL census and not estimation of poverty.

* The report maps gross errors of exclusion and inclusion that have crept into the system because of the flawed methodology of BPL identification, and argues that errors of inclusion are far better than the errors of exclusions.

* It recommends a new methodology of score-based ranking, besides recommending parameters for automatic inclusion and automatic exclusion for some categories of households.

* Families owning phones, refrigerators etc, and farmers with credit limit more than 50k would be automatically excluded. Destitute and tribal people would be automatically included. For others, a set of seven deprivation indicators would be used. A few of them are households with only one room and kutcha roof, female headed households with no adult male, households with disabled members etc.

* P. Sainath a member of committee argues against the system of targeted welfare schemes for food, health care, education and decent work. He points out that Public Distribution System (PDS) has worked best when it has been for decades closer to universal as in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. He argues that targeted systems are very expensive and call for a huge and expensive apparatus leading to corruption and black-marketing.

* The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation is the nodal ministry for issue of guidelines to identify BPL families in urban areas. An expert group under Chairmanship of Prof S.R.Hashim has been constituted by Planning Commission to suggest a methodology for identification of BPL families in urban areas.

* In urban areas BPL families would be identified through an inclusion criteria based on a) place of residence b) social vulnerability c) occupational vulnerability.

* Those who are houseless, live in temporary houses where usage of dwelling space is susceptible to insecurity of tenure and is affected by lack of access to basic services should be considered residentially vulnerable.

* Households headed by women or minors or where the elderly are dependent on the head of household or where the level of literacy is low or members are disabled or chronically ill should be considered socially vulnerable

* Houses with people unemployed for a significant proportion of time or with irregular employment or whose work is subject to unsanitary or hazardous conditions or those who have no stability of payment for services should be regarded occupationally vulnerable.
Government Social Sector Schemes

* Central government finances these programmes, and actual implementation is carried out by state government agencies. As one would expect, the effectiveness of implementation varies greatly from state to state. The failures can be traced to one or all of three problems: poor design ab initio, underfunding and poor implementation.

* Problems of poor design and inadequate funding can and should be addressed by the central government. Central government guidelines are often inflexible and not tailored to the requirement in particular states. Furthermore, many areas involve cooperation between different arms of government, e g, of agriculture, irrigation and rural development or the departments of health, education and women and child development. Unfortunately, government typically works in silos which makes effective interdepartmental cooperation very difficult.

* As far as adequacy of funding is concerned, scarcity of resources is a genuine problem. The solution lies in better prioritisation. It is much better to fully fund schemes that are working well and squeeze other rather than spread resources thinly. However, this is easier said than done and enforcing prioritisation in this way will be a major challenge in the Twelfth Plan.

* Improving implementation on the ground has to be a major objective in the Twelfth Plan. A committed political leadership at the state level, working with an effective administration, can make big difference. Devolution of decision-making and accountability to panchayati raj institutions (PRIs) is also a potential instrument improving accountability. Some progress has been made in devolution, but most state governments have devolved functions with very little devolution of either funds or functionaries. The central government can help in this area by structuring its schemes of assistance in a way which increases the role of the PRIs. For this to work, it will also be necessary to build capacity at the PRI level. Earmarking some portion of central funds for capacity building may be necessary. Greater participation by civil society organizations promoting greater involvement of the community, with a greater awareness of its rights, will also help. The Right to Information Act is an important new initiative which empowers civil society and individual stakeholders to hold government at all levels accountable.

* The benefits of the rural development programmes do not seem to reach the intended targets and they fail to serve full the purpose for which they were launched. There is a lacuna in the identification of the really poor, with the result that the rich farmers have benefitted much more from these programs.

* Most of the experiments in rural development emanate at the top. It is necessary that emphasis is laid on planning from the bottom and the exclusive reliance placed on pyramidal structure approach is given up. Because of this approach to planning, the programmes also tend to have very high administrative cost. The involvement of rural poor in the process of rural development is critical, particularly in the planning and implementation of such programmes

* Most of the experiments in rural development emanate at the top. It is necessary that emphasis is laid on planning from the bottom and the exclusive reliance placed on pyramidal structure approach is given up. Because of this approach to planning, the programmes also tend to have very high administrative cost.

* Organizational dimensions need a reappraisal. With a number of models of rural development administration experimented with and applied during the past few years, it is time that respective efficacy of each is intensely examined.
Restructuring of Schemes

* While the special focus various Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) thus bring to sectors that need extra attention has often proved to be an advantage, poor design and implementation with little other than fancy nomenclature and grand announcements to prop them up, have often proved to be a disadvantage. The branding exercise has not always served the cause.

* Some of the schemes have been plagued by overlaps, duplication and bureaucratic mismanagement and negligence that impinge on efficiencies and lead to wastage. A Group of Ministers has now approved the restructuring of CSSs, merging some 170 of them into 79, in order to ensure better implementation and monitoring. At the end of the 11th Plan, in March 2012, there were 173 CSSs and Additional Central Assistance (ACA) schemes. Hopefully, as the matter comes up before the Cabinet again, competing, even conflicting, interests among different ministries would not come in the way of making the final push on this key issue although the pruning will still not meet the 2011 recommendations of the B.K. Chaturvedi Committee to bring the number down to 59.

* While the share of CSSs in gross budgetary allocations has gone up significantly over the last three Plans, the number of such schemes has come down. Yet, CSSs tend to pre-empt resources available to States, given that fund packages often get channelled directly for the programmes, sometimes without the tailored flexibility that is needed to optimise utilisation. In some instances, funds are transferred to district-level bodies, bypassing State governments. Understandably, several States have complained about the rationale and implementation of CSSs.

* The system of flexi-funds that has now been proposed, under which State governments can use 20 per cent (10 per cent in case of flagship schemes) of the budget allocated for CSSs, within the broader framework of given programmes, should address part of that problem. The GoM has favoured a system of transferring funds from the Centre to State consolidated funds, rather than directly to implementing agencies. It has also approved the setting up of State-specific guidelines for each CSS. Hopefully, the new and improved package will prove to be a more effective, flexible and efficient instrument to translate Plan objectives into actions. Meanwhile, there is a case to tighten monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, with each CSS being reviewed at least once in two years, with an eye on better outcomes and impact.

Misc

* So far India has signed 15 Social Security Agreements These SSAs facilitate mobility of professionals between two countries by exempting them from double payment of social security contributions and enables them to enjoy the benefits of exportability and totalization

* National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT) which aims at providing high speed broadband connectivity to universities and colleges and development of e-content in various disciplines is under implementation

* National Mission for Empowerment of Women (NMEW): This initiative for holistic empowerment of women through better convergence and engendering of policies, programmes, and schemes of different ministries was operationalized in 2010-11. Under the Mission, institutional structures at state level including State Mission Authorities headed by Chief Ministers and State Resource Centres for Women (SRCWs) for spearheading initiatives for women's empowerment have been established across the country.

* Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) - The RMK provides micro-credit in a quasi-informal manner, lending to intermediate micro-credit organizations (IMOs) across states. It focuses on poor women and their empowerment through the provision of credit for livelihood-related activities

* Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS) includes projects for providing education, vocational training, and rehabilitation of persons with orthopaedic, speech, visual, and mental disabilities.

* The 'Vision-2015' adopted for the LPG sector inter alia focuses on raising the LPG population coverage in rural areas and areas where LPG coverage is low. The Rajiv Gandhi Gramin LPG Vitaran Yojana (RGGLVY) for small-size LPG distribution agencies has been launched in 2009. Under this scheme 75 per cent population is to be covered by 2015 by releasing 5.5 crore new LPG connections. To ensure that growth of LPG usage is evenly spread, public-sector oil marketing companies (OMCs) are assessing/identifying locations in a phased manner under the RGGLVY

Name Abhishek Sharma
Books Not needed
Source Just googled name of the scheme

Public Distribution System

Public Distribution System
OBJECTIVES
The PDS is a major State intervention in the country aimed at ensuring food security to all the people, especially the poor. The PDS operates through a large distribution network of around 4.99 lakh fair price shops (FPS), and is supplemental in nature. Under the PDS, the Central Government is responsible for the procurement and transportation of foodgrains up to the principal distribution centres of the FCI while the State Governments are responsible for the identification of families living below the poverty line, the issue of ration cards, and the distribution of foodgrains to the vulnerable sections through FPSs. PDS seems to have failed in serving the second objective of making foodgrains available to the poor. If it had, the consumption levels of cereals should not have fallen on averageas it has consistently over the last two decades.
With a view to improving its efficiency, the PDS was redesigned as TDPS with effect from June 1997. The TPDS envisages identifying the poor households and giving them a fixed entitlement of foodgrains at subsidized prices. Under the TPDS, higher rates of subsidies are being given to the poor and the poorest among the poor. The APL families are also being given foodgrains under TPDS but with lower subsidy. The scale of issue under TDPS for Antyodaya cardholders began with 10 kg per family per month, which has been progressively increased to 35 kg per family per month with effect from April 2002.
FUNCTIONINIG
Both the central and state governments shared the responsibility of regulating the PDS. While the central government is responsible for procurement, storage, transportation, and bulk allocation of food grains, state governments hold the responsibility for distributing the same to the consumers through the established network of Fair Price Shops (FPSs). State governments are also responsible for operational responsibilities including allocation and identification of families below poverty line, issue of ration cards, supervision and monitoring the functioning of FPSs.Under PDS scheme, each family below the poverty line is eligible for 35kg of rice or wheat every month, while a household above the poverty line is entitled to 15kg of foodgrain on a monthly basis.
A BPL card holder should be given 35kg of foodgrain and the card holder above BPL should be given 15kg of food grain as per the norms of PDS. However, there are concerns about the efficiency of the distribution process.
Public distribution shop
A public distribution shop also known as Fair Price Shop (FPS), part of India's Public Distribution System established by Government of India, is a kind of shop in India which is used to distribute rations at a subsidized price to the poor. As of date there are about 4.99 lakh Fair Price Shops (FPS) across India.
Locally these are known as "ration shop" and chiefly sell wheat, rice, kerosene and sugar at a price lower than the market price. However, other essential commodities may also be sold. These are also called Fair Price Shops. For buying items from this shop one must have a ration card. These shops are operated throughout the country by joint assistance of central and state government. No doubt the item from these shops are much cheaper but are of poor quality. Ration shops are now present in most localities, villages towns and cities. India has 478,000 shops constituting the largest distribution network in the world.
The introduction of rationing in India dates back to the 1940s Bengal famine.this rationing system was revived in the wake of acute food shortage during the early 1960s, prior to the Green Revolution.
LIMITATIONS
Major Deficiencies of TPDS

* As identified by various studies, the major deficiencies of the TPDS include:

* High exclusion and inclusion errors,

* Non-viability of FPSs,

* Failure in fulfilling the price stabilization objective, and

* Leakages.
(I) HIGH EXCLUSION AND INCLUSION ERRORS
The Programme Evaluation Organizations (PEOs) Study (2005) establishes large-scale exclusion and inclusion errors in most States.It also questions the BPL methodology used for identification of households at State level. There are two problems here. One is the criterion used for allocation of foodgrains by the Central Government to States. The Central Government allocates foodgrains to States based on a narrow official poverty line. There is a need to look at this allocation criterion to States. If we go by the official poverty ratio criterion, only 28% of the population is eligible under PDS at all-India level in 200405. However, food-insecure households may be much higher than the official poverty ratios. For example, undernutrition among children and households is much higher than this figure. The use of BPL estimates to determine Central allocations should be revisited because there is a significant mass of households just above the poverty line.
A second problem is the use of BPL method for identifying households by the States. This identification differs from State to State. For example, some of the south Indian States do not follow the official poverty ratio for limiting the ration cards. In Andhra Pradesh, more than 70% of the households have ration cards. This is one of the reasons for high inclusion errors in Andhra Pradesh.


(II) VIABILITY OF FPSs
An important institutional concern is that of the economic viability of FPSs, which appears to have been badly affected by the exclusion of APL population from the PDS (which happened after PDS became TPDS in 1997). The virtual exclusion of the APL population has led to a big decline in offtake. With fewer ration cards to serve, lower turnover, and upper bounds on the margins that can be charged to BPL consumers, the net profits of FPS owners and dealers are lower under the TPDS than before. Since there are economies of scale here, for instance, with respect to transport, the distribution of smaller quantities is likely to make many shops unviable. When FPSs are economically viable, there are fewer incentives to cheat.
Some of the steps suggested by the High-level Committee (HLC) on Long Term Grain Policy to revive the retail network were the following:
Relax restriction on eligibility to be a licensed FPS;
make NGOs and village-level retailers eligible toundertake licensed PDS distribution, and in particular, encourage women;
remove restrictions on the range of commodities that can be sold in a FPS
allow registered associations of FPS dealers to purchase the grain allocated directly from the FCI.
(III) REGIONAL ALLOCATION AND PRICE STABILIZATION OBJECTIVE
One of the objectives of the PDS has always been to ensure price stabilization in the country by transferring grain from cereals-surplus to cereals deficit regions. Targeted PDS has reduced the effectiveness of this objective. This is because under TPDS, the demand for cereals is no longer determined by State Governments (based on their requirements and in practical terms on past utilization) but on allocations decided by the Central Government (based on poverty estimates prepared by the Planning Commission). The new system of allocation, as pointed out by the HLC, has led to imbalances between actual allocations and allocations necessary to meet the difference between cereals production and requirement.
(IV) LEAKAGES AND DIVERSION
Undoubtedly, in many parts of India, the current system of delivery has weaknesses resulting in leakages at different stages. As the Programme Evaluation Organization, PEO Study (2005) points out, the share of leakages in offtake from the Central Pool is abnormally high, except in the States of West Bengal and Tamil Nadu. Further, in terms of leakages through ghost BPL cards, there are fewer problems in Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Kerala, Punjab, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu than in other States. At the FPS level, leakages were found to be high in Bihar, Punjab, and Haryana.
The study goes on to identify the factors associated with relatively low leakages at the FPS level and concludes that general awareness of the beneficiaries, high literacy and strong grass root-level organizations (particularly PRIs) have helped States like West Bengal and Himachal Pradesh in minimising FPS level leakage, while in the case of Tamil Nadu, it is the elimination of private retail outlets. It has been documented that strong political commitment and careful monitoring by the bureaucracy are the key elements of the success of PDS in Tamil Nadu.
Leakages cannot be lowered by finer targeting using official poverty criterion. They require political commitment and participation of the people in the delivery process. The nexus between officials, the mafia, and ration shop dealers must be broken in order to reduce leakages. Monitoring and accountability of TPDS (food security watch) should be improved in a significant way. The TPDS needs to be strengthened by means of the effective use of IT including introduction of a unique ID-based smart card system.
Coverage of Commodities Supplied through TPDS
If nutrition security is one of the considerations of TPDS, the government may explore the possibility of including more commodities under TPDS. For example, cereals such as jowar, bajra, and also pulses could be introduced in TPDS because of nutritional considerations. The consumption of pulses is low for the poor. Operational details of supplying these commodities, particularly, pulses have to be worked out. It is true that presently the country has a shortage of these commodities. However, the introduction of these commodities may encourage production of these crops especially in dry land areas. The National Food Security Mission has identified pulses as an area of focus.

Performance Evaluation of TPDS

* Only 22.7% FPSs are viable in terms of earning a return of 12% on capital.

* The offtake by APL cardholders was negligible except in Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.

* The offtake per BPL card was high in WB, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.

* The offtake by the poor under TPDS was substantially higher than under universal PDS.

* There are large errors of exclusion and inclusion and ghost cards are common.

* High exclusion errors mean a low coverage of BPL households. The survey estimated that TPDS covers only 57% BPLfamilies.

* Errors of inclusion are high in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. This implies that the APL households receive

* An unacceptably large proportion of subsidized grains.

* Leakages vary enormously between States. In Bihar and Punjab, the total leakage exceeds 75% while in Haryana and UP, it is between 50 and 75%.

* Leakage and diversion imply a low share of the genuine BPL households of the distribution of the subsidized grains.

* During 200304, it is estimated that out of 14.1 million tonnes of BPL quota from the Central Pool, only 6.1 million tonnes reached the BPL families and 8 million tonnes did not reach the target families.

* Leakage and diversion raised the cost of delivery. For every 1 kg that was delivered to the poor, GoI had to issue 2.32 kg from the Central Pool.

* During 200304, out of an estimated subsidy of Rs 7258 crore under TPDS, Rs 4123 crore did not reach BPL families.

* Moreover, Rs 2579 crore did not reach any consumer but was shared by agencies involved in the supply chain.
Fallouts of P.D.S.

* The Public Distribution System of India is not without its defects. With a coverage of around 40 crore BPL(Below Poverty Line) families, a review of the PDS has discovered the following structural shortcomings and disturbances:

* Growing instances of the consumers receiving inferior quality food grains in ration shops.

* Deceitful dealers replace good supplies received from the F.C.I (Food Corporation of India) with inferior stock and sell FCI stock in the black market.

* Illicit fair price shop owners have been found to create large number of bogus cards to sell food grains in the open market.

* Many FPS dealers resort to malpractice, illegal diversions of commodities, hoarding and black marketing due to the minimal salary received by them.

* Numerous malpractices make safe and nutritious food inaccessible and unaffordable to many poor thus resulting in their food insecurity.
REVAMPING
The GoI has taken following measures to strengthen TPDS and check diversion of foodgrains meant for TPDS:
CITIZENS CHARTER
A Citizens Charter has been issued in November 1997 for adoption by the State Governments to provide services in a transparent and accountable manner under PDS. Instructions have been issued for involvement of PRIs in identifications of BPL families and in Vigilance Committee.
PDS (CONTROL) ORDER, 2001
The Order, inter alia, covers a range of areas relating to correct identification of BPL families, issue of ration cards, proper distribution, and monitoring of PDS-related operations. Contraventions of the provisions of the Order are punishable under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955.
Clearly, these do not seem to have had much impact, since the NSSO estimates of 2006 suggest that the extent of leakage and diversion of grain has only increased.
In addition, a number of Plan Schemes have been introduced.
(I) CONSTRUCTION OF GODOWNS
The Scheme was conceived during the Fifth Five Year Plan to build and increase the storage capacity available with FCI for storage of foodgrains.
(II) INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR FOODGRAINS MANAGEMENT (IISFM)
The main objective of the IISFM project in the FCI, initiated in 200304, is to put in place an online MIS that would give the stock position in any depot at any given point of time.
(III) STRENGTHENING OF PDS
Food Credit Cards/Computerization of PDS Operations
A new scheme Computerization of PDS Operations with a token provision of Rs 5 crore was introduced in 200607. The computerization of PDS operations would be an improvement on the existing system of ration cards, that is, the present manual system of making entries, etc. The new system will have personal details of all members of the family including their entitlement and the entire network of PDS from taluk to State level will be linked. With this kind of system in place, the objectives of Food Credit Card Scheme of checking diversion of foodgrains and eliminating the problem of bogus ration cards are expected to be met.
Curbing Leakages/Diversion of Foodgrains Meant for TPDS
This is a new scheme introduced during the Eleventh Five Year Plan to strengthen the PDS. The scheme aims at taking effective measures to curb diversion and leakages through Global Positioning System, Radio Frequency Identification Device, etc.
Eleventh Five Year Plan Generating Awareness amongst TPDS Beneficiaries about their Entitlement and Redressal Mechanism and Monitoring
A mass awareness campaign on the rights and entitlements of TPDS beneficiaries is proposed through newspaper advertisements, bill boards, posters, printing of annual calendar on the themes of TPDS, and audio-visual publicity measures such as short spots/quickies, audio jingles/radio spots, TV serials/documentaries.
Training and Awareness of Negotiable Warehouse Receipt System
This is a new scheme for the Eleventh Five Year Plan. The warehousing receipts at present do not enjoy the fiduciary trust of depositors and banks, as there is fear of not being able to recover the loans in events such as fraud or mismanagement on behalf of the warehouse or insolvency of depositor. The legal remedies are also time consuming and inadequate. In this context, it is proposed to develop a negotiable warehouse receipt system for commodities including agricultural commodities. The negotiable warehouse receipt system will result in increase in the liquidity in the rural areas, encouragement of scientific warehousing of goods, lower cost of financing, etc.
(IV) VILLAGE GRAIN BANK SCHEME
The Village Grain Bank Scheme, which was hitherto with the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, has been transferred to the Department of Food and Public Distribution. The objective of the scheme is to establish Grain Banks in chronically food-scarce area and to provide safeguard against starvation during the lean period. The scheme is also to mitigate drought induced migration and food shortages by making foodgrains available within the village during such calamities. During 200607, there was a budget provision of Rs 50 crore for setting up 8591 Village Grain Banks in food-scarce areas.
(V) AADHAR
Identification of households to be denoted status and distribution to granted PDS services has been highly irregular and diverse in various states. The recent development of Aadhar UIDAI cards has taken up the challenge of solving the problem of identification and distribution of PDs services along with Direct Cash Transfers.

Further Innovations Needed to Strengthen TPDS and the Way Forward
One of the long-standing criticisms of the TPDS has been that offtake of PDS cereals (rice and wheat) by States from FCI does not match with NSS estimates of PDS consumption of those same grains (as we noted earlier). The difference between the two shows the extent of leakage of PDS wheat and rice. This leakage was 28% for wheat and rice together in 199394, but it had risen to 54% by 200405a very significant increase in leakage. These facts clearly show that TPDS is in urgent need of reform.
These facts are further underlined by Annexure 4.1.4, which demonstrates the massive leakage of the fiscal subsidy to the non-poor on the one hand and the ineffective targeting of the poor by the cardholder-based TPDS system.
Annexure 4.1.5 drives home the point about the poor targeting by TPDS benefits. It estimates the benefits in rupees per household of PDS grain beneficiaries [calculated as PDS quantity consumed* (PDS PriceAverage Market Price)]. It shows that the benefits to the household are dependent upon whether you have a card or not (and which card you have APL, BPL, or Antyodaya), and not on whether you are poor or non-poor. In fact, it demonstrates that there is very little difference between the benefits (in Rs/household) of poor and non-poor households when one compares poor BPL cardholders with nonpoor BPL cardholders, or when comparing poor AAY cardholders with non-poor AAY cardholders.
Other Measures Needed to Reform
INTRODUCTION OF FOOD STAMPS
If markets are integrated, food stamps system may be introduced, which is supposed to be more effective than the present system. On food stamps/ coupons, the HLC has observed as follows: In the long run, as markets get better in tegrated, the PDS function need not remain restricted to designated FPS and a food coupon system valid even outside PDS outlets may become possible. Food coupons may allow wider choice of consumers in terms of commodities and outlets. In the Committees view, this is a course which should be followed with considerable caution in view of the experience of other countries, and the possibility of counterfeiting. However, the more important reason food stamps have not been successful elsewhere has been the erosion in the value of the coupons where it was fixed in nominal terms. If the coupon system is to succeed the PDS suggested above, the value of the coupon should be indexed to food inflation. The coupon system should not lead to a dilution of the Central Government commitment to food security.
Way Forward
NSS 61st Round enables an assessment of how effectively PDS and other food based schemes such as MDM, ICDS, and Food for Work are able to reach the poor. This shows that in more self-selecting schemes such as MDM, ICDS, and Food for Work, the total number of beneficiaries is similar to the number currently benefiting BPL or AAY status and indeed these self-targeted schemes are somewhat better reaching the poor than the assignment of BPL cards. Thus the leakages of physical grain could be reduced without greater fiscal cost and with somewhat better targeting towards the poor by redirecting subsidies currently in the PDS to better funding of the other schemes (i.e. the MDM, the ICDS).
However, a one-size-fits-all approach to food and nutrition management is mistaken. As there are large differences in the efficiency of implementation of the PDS among the States, it may be
desirable to introduce State-specific designs and implementation strategies rather than continuing
with a uniform design. Separate designs and implementation strategies may be thought of for areas with high concentration of the poor.
Since some distinction needs to remain between the poor and non-poor, the nature of exclusion/ inclusion errors suggests that it is much better to define poor for PDS purposes as much larger than current Planning Commission estimates of the number of poor, and exclude altogether the residual non-poor. If the current allocation of 35 kg per household per month continues, the present PDS offtake (rice + wheat) of about 40 million tones would meet PDS requirements of nearly 10 crore households, that is, roughly 60% more households than those defined to be poor by current official poverty estimates.
The effectiveness of the system can also be improved by better management with the help of IT. Computerization of PDS operations and introduction of a unique ID-based Smart Card System would help in addressing the issues related to bogus ration cards, diversion of foodgrains, etc. The Eleventh Plan will therefore focus on improving the delivery mechanisms and the monitoring arrangements based on IT.
There is also a need to make concerted efforts for minimizing the operational costs of the FCI from the present high levels through better management practices so that major part of the food subsidy actually accrues to the beneficiaries.
Attention should also be given to streamlining and standardizing the State level taxes on procurement of foodgrains. Decentralized procurement will be further encouraged and extended to other States with potential for procurement. It is also necessary to strengthen both domestic and international trade in foodgrains by means of appropriate changes in trade policies.
Neeraj Gaur
This a copy paste work from 11th fyp document. There is no info in the 12th fyp document but 11th fyp gave a good description. Coincidentally UPSC syllabus happens to be in the same flow as the article is in the document. I have deleted the old data since it is useless. This deserves no appreciation, its a shameless copy paste but probably the best description of PDS, far better than Wikipedia.

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

India had built the largest, though not necessarily the strongest, PDS in the world. Public Distribution System (PDS) hailed as a means of distribution of essential commodities to a large number of people forms an important constituent of the strategy for poverty eradication and intends to serve the undernourished. With a network of more than 400,000 Fair Price Shops (FPS), the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India is perhaps the largest distribution machinery of its type in the world. PDS is said to distribute each year commodities worth more than Rs 15,000 crore to about 16 crore families. This huge network can play a more meaningful role if only the system is able to translate into micro level a macro level self-sufficiency by ensuring availability of food grains for the poor households.


Why an priority issue -


1. Decline in purchasing power of poor because of structural imbalances in the economy:

2. Rising capital intensity,

3. lack of land reforms,

4. failure of poverty alleviation programmes,

5. growing disparity between towns and villages, and like that.


1. production problems in less endowed regions,


1. Huge pile-up inside Food Corporation of Indias (FCI) godowns,


1. If consumption of the poor does not increase there would be serious demand constraints on agriculture and could make the growth target of 4.5% per annum unachievable.





Implementation of TPDS


As per the mandate of PDS, the Union Government is responsible for the procurement, transportation and bulk allocation of food grains whereas the State government looks after the allocation, identification of Below Poverty Line (BPL) families and issue of ration cards, as well as monitoring the distribution process. Off late, the Gram panchayats have also been involved to improve the functioning of PDS to verify the entries of items of PDS made in the stock registers of the fair price shops of the State Food and Supplies Department. But in the whole set up of overlapping responsibilities, PDS is no ones baby. It has been left to operate on the whims and fancies of the depot holders; and with the lack of awareness and empowerment within the community, the situation is further deteriorated.


CRITICISM OF PDS

PDS was criticised on a wide front:

1. its failure to serve the population Below Poverty Line (BPL),

2. for its perceived urban bias,

3. negligible coverage in States with a high density of rural poor and

4. lack of transparent and accountable arrangements for delivery.













EFFECT

Given that backdrop, the Government acted to streamline PDS during the Ninth Five Year Plan period by issuing special cards to BPL families and selling to them foodgrains through PDS outlets at specially subsidised prices (with effect from June, 1997).










TARGETED PDS
Under the new Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)

* A BPL card holder should be given 35kg of foodgrain and the card holder above BPL should be given 15kg of food grain as per the norms of PDS.

* This is likely to benefit about six crore poor families, to whom a quantity of about 72 lakh tonnes of food grains per year is earmarked.

BENEFICIARIES

* The identification of the beneficiaries is done by the States, based on state-wise poverty estimates of the Planning Commission.

* The thrust is to limit the benefit to the truly poor and vulnerable sections:

* landless agricultural labourers,

* marginal farmers,

* Rural artisans/craftsmen,

* potters, tappers,

* weavers,

* blacksmiths,

* carpenters in the rural areas;

* similarly those covered by TPDS in urban areas are - slum dwellers and

* people earning livelihood on a daily basis in the informal sector like the porters and rickshaw pullers and

* hand cart pullers,

* fruit and flower sellers on the pavements, etc.


Other problems associated with the scheme are:

* The poor do not have cash to buy 20 kg at a time, and often they are not permitted to buy in instalments.

* Low quality of foodgrains inferior quality

* Weak monitoring, lack of transparency and inadequate accountability of officials implementing the scheme

* Price charged exceeds the official price by 10% to 14%.

* Illicit fair price shop owners have been found to create large number of bogus cards to sell food grains in the open market.

* Many FPS dealers resort tomalpractice, illegal diversions of commodities, hoarding and black marketing due to the minimal salary received by them.

* Numerous malpractices make safe and nutritious food inaccessible and unaffordable to many poor thus resulting in their food insecurity.

* Identification of households to be denoted status and distribution to granted PDS services has been highly irregular and diverse in various states. The recent development of Aadhar UIDAI cards has taken up the challenge of solving the problem of identification and distribution of PDs services along with Direct Cash Transfers.

* Regional allocation and coverage of FPS are unsatisfactory and the core objective of price stabilization of essential commodities has not met.


To improve the current system of the PDS, the following suggestions are furnished for:

1. Vigilancesquad should be strengthened to detect corruption, which is an added expenditure for taxpayers.

2. Personnel-in-charge of the department should be chosen locally.

3. Margin of profit should be increased for honest business, in which case the market system is more apt anyway.

4. F.C.I. and other prominent agencies should provide quality food grains for distribution, which is a tall order for an agency that has no real incentive to do so.

5. Frequent checks & raids should be conducted to eliminate bogus and duplicate cards, which is again an added expenditure and not fool proof.

6. The Civil supplies Corporation should open more Fair Price shops in rural areas.

7. The Fair Price dealers seldom display rate chart and quantity available in the block-boards in front of the shop. This should be enforced.


NAME- CHITRALEKHA
REFERENCES- 1) http://www.smsfoundation.org/
2) Economic & Political Weekly
3) wikipedia

* Agriculture Budget (Kanna Laxminarayana):

* Agriculture dependent - 60% population

* Schemes:

* Waive off of electricity bill arrears 1300cr(2004-05)

* Pavala vaddi on crop loans 3% interest rate

* Waiver of stamp duty up to 3lac on crop loans for marginal farmers

* Free electricity for small farmers

* 11354cr loan waived off benefitting 63lac farmers & cash benefit scheme of 1633cr @ 5000rs per farmer

* Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) scheme 100% assistance of GoI for farmers

* Raithu Chaitanya Yatra change mindset, disseminate latest tech dev to farmer

* Crop loans - <1lac (No interest), 1 to 3lac(3% interest)

* BT cotton, seed price reduced by 40%

* Input Subsidy increased on all crops upto 67% for natural calamities

* For paddy increased to 10000 per hectare (Previous -6000)

* Reason for separate budget:

* Less focus on agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry in prev budget

* Land holding per farmer in state decreased 1.08ha (current)

* 1.31cr farm families 143lac ha agriculture land 75lac ha irrigation facility

* 2nd largest coastline state, 23% Geographical area Forests (16.86 as per 2011)

* Best state award under National Food Security Mission in southern region for increasing production of rice and pulses 5.93% growth rate

* Accelerated Pulse Production Programme (A3P):

* SRI (System of Rice Intensification) Cultivation:

* Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana 100% central assistance

* National Project on management of Soil Health and Fertility - Bhuchetana

* Technical support from ICRISAT

* Average production from target crops should be increased by 25% in 5 years in selected districts

* Farm Mechanization 450cr +100cr(solar pumpsets)

* National Agriculture Insurance Scheme:

* Scheme was made compulsory for loanee farmers borrowed loans for notified crops

* Provides financial support if crop failure because of Drought, cyclone, pest&dis.

* Restore credit eligibility of farmer after crop failure for next season

* Rythu Sri Vaddi leni panta runalu

* Interest free crop loans from Rabi 2011-12

* Horticulture:

* Area under Horticulture crop is 25.56lac ha; production 273lac tons

* 1st in production of Spices and fruits; 3rd in production of flowers

* Andhra Pradesh Ranks 1st in production of Citrus, Papaya, Oil Palm and Tomato 2nd in the production of Mango, Cashew; 4th in the production of Banana

* Animal Husbandry:

* 1st in egg and broiler production; 1st in meat production

* 2nd in Milk production (father of white revolution Verghese Kurien Operation Flood)

* Fisheries:

* 1st in Shrimp(brackish water) and fresh water prawn production

* 2nd fresh water fish prod; 2nd total fish & prawn prod; 5th marine fish prod

* AP Agricultural Land (Conversion into non Agricultural purposes) Act, 2006 was exempted from aquatic farms from purview of act.

* Sericulture:

* 2nd largest producer of Mulberry and Tasar cocoons country

* 4 types of silk mulberry, tasar, eri, muga

* Forests:

* AP Forest Dev. Corp. took 82,380 ha of degraded reserve forest for raising Eucalyptus clonal and seed origin plantations over 57,088 ha

* Eco-tourism Dev in forest lands in PPP (Private Public Partnership) mode for developing infra and tourism amenities

* CoP 11 to CBD 1to19OCT in Hyderabad

* Interest Rebate Scheme 6% return for timely repayment of loan providing agriculture credit to farmers at affordable rates to farmers

* MARKFED(Marketing Federation Hyderabad HQ, 1957) Help farmers secure better price for their produce taking care of market needs and providing agri. Inputs

* Apex organization for Co-operative Marketing Societies(CMS)

* Sale of inputs fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, maintenance of godowns, procurement of agricultural commodities

* 2nd in Silk (Sericulture) production

* Rythu Bandhu Padakam Restore farmers from distressed sales

* Natural Calamity Fund 589cr










AP State Budget

* Introduction:

* Rajeev Deevena

* Pre-metric scholarship for 3lac eligible SC students 150 for day and 350 for hostellers per month per student from 2013 -14 FY

* Pilot Districts included in DBT scheme RR, Hyderabad, EG, Chittor, Anantapur

* Indiramma Amrutha Hastham

* Launched on 1st Jan 2013;

* Identified 27,906 AWC in 103 ICDS projects to improve nutritional status in mothers and new born babies

* World Telugu Conference held in Tirupathi during 27-29Dec 2012 4th

* Nine essential Food items in a packaged form from Ugadi of this year

* Mana Biyyam supply of rice for BPL families for Re1 per kg

* Maarpu Coordination action of health, ICDS and Rural dev. departments to reduce infant and maternal mortality and morbidity levels and to bring down malnutrition levels

* Mee Seva currently running 76 services. Expected to service 100 activities by 31mar12

* Oct 28 Nov1 Neelam Cyclone

* Laila 2010; Khai Muk 2008; Yemyin 2007

* Jal 2010 (Maharashtra)



Socio - Economic Survey of AP 2012-13



* Overview:

* Natural, Demographic and Social Features:

* Geographical Area 2,75,045sqkm

* 4th largest by area and 5th largest by population

* Total population 8.47cr (2011 census) 7% countrys 11.1% Growth Rate

* Rural Population 66.5%; Urban 33.5%

* 2nd longest coastline in the country with 974km (1st Gujarath)

* Forest area 63,814sqkm (23.2% of total GA)

* Sex Ratio 992(2011); Child Sex Ratio 943(961 2001 census)

* Literacy Rate 67.66% (Male 75.56%; Female 59.74%)

* Poverty 21.1% (Rural 22.8%; Urban 17.7%) for year 2009-10

* Unemployment Urban(31%); Rural(12%) for year 2009-10

* Gross State Domestic Product(GSDP):

* 11th five year plan 8.18%

* 12th five year plan (expected) rates 10%:

* Primary(6%); Secondary(10.5); Tertiary(11.5%)

* Public Distribution:

* Fair Price Shops 44778 (Urban 7393; rural 37385)

* 1 shop for every 1965 persons

* Weather based crop insurance schemes:

* Launched in Guntur district in 2009 for Red chilly crop

* Extended to other crops cotton, tomato, groundnut, sweet lime, oil palm, banana, cashew, mango etc

* Modified National Agriculture Insurance Scheme:

* MNAIS is launched in 2010-11 rabi in Prakasham, Nellore, Warangal

* Was continued in EG, WG, Krishna in Kharif

* Primary Agriculture Co-operative Societies (PACS):

* PACS is re-organized from 4465 to 2949 societies in State

* MSME:

* 2859 msme enterprises;

* 115 sez approved by GoI 76 notified 28 in operational

* Mines and Geology:

* Barytes and Limestone 1st

* AP tourism Kohinoor of India

* Rajiv Arogyasri Health Insurance Scheme:

* Implemented through Health Care Trust for 233lac poor families

* Each BPL is provided with health coverage upto 2lac

* Scheme introduced on 1APR2007

* Women Development and Child Welfare:

* 91,307 Anganwadi centres

* Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan and Tribal Sub-Plan:

* Planning, Allocation and Utilization of Financial Resources Act; Jan 2013

* Accelerated dev. of SC, ST with emphasis of achieving equality in 10 years

* INDIRAMMA:

* Integrated Novel Development in Rural Areas and Model Municipal Areas (India)

* Programme ensures pensions for old people, widows, weavers and disabled persons

* Rural Development:

* SHGs 10,59,101


* Macro-economic aggregates:

* Sectoral composition of GSDP:

* Base year Agriculture(25.1); Industry(24.3); services(50.6)

* 2012-13 Agriculture(18.7); Industry(24); Services(57.7)

* Decadal Growth Rate 7.54 (National 7.75)

* Gross Fixed Capital Formation It reveals the potentiality of the investments in public as well as private sectors and gives net addition of assets created during the year

* GCF = GFCF + changes in Stock


* Public Finance:

* As per APFRBM act, 2005 state govt. shall maintain a revenue surplus in a financial year and ensure that fiscal deficit does not exceed 3% of GSDP

* Revenue Expenditure increases(15%) in 2011-12 because

* increase in the number of beneficiaries of scholarships and tuition fees to the SCs / STs / BCs apart from Power Subsidy and Rice Subsidy

* During 2012-13, tax revenue estimates are 62,572. An increase of 17.43%

* Non tax revenue grows at a rate of 10% for 2012-13 fiscal

* Revenue Surplus 1686cr; Fiscal deficit 21,219cr (2.46% of GSDP)

* Own tax revenue for 2012-13(RE) is as follows:

* Sales tax(2%); Stamps & Registration(8%); Taxes & motorcycles(6%); Excise(17%); Other taxes and Duties(67%)

* Total Outstanding debt 20.7% of GSDP (Limit 27.6% as per APFRBM act)

* Interest payment gone upto 10,561cr (9.15% more over previous year)

* Fiscal deficit 2.46% for 2012-13 (2.35% for previous year)


* Prices, Wages and Public Distribution:

* Essential commodities being monitored Rice, Redgram dal, groundnut oil, tamarind(without seed), red chillies(dry), onions

* Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPIIW) base year 2001(100) from 2006

* CPIIW increased by 10% for period Apr-Nov2012

* CPI Agriculture Labour (CPIAL) with base year 1986-87, increased by 7.57 for 2012dec

* CPI(Rural), CPI(Urban) base year 2010

* Public distribution:

* 44,778 Fair price shops (Ration shops) for dec2012

* Rationalization of FP shops:

* Rural 400-450BPL + 50 Pink cards

* Urban 500-550BPL + 250 Pink ration cards

* Municipal corp. 600-650 +250 pink cards

* Iris based ration cards for eligible farmers to avoid duplicate/ghost cards

* 5 districts identified by GoI in state on pilot basis for putting in place Adhar based service delivery system Rangareddy, Hyderabad, Chittor, Anantapur, EG

* Subsidy management in Kerosene, Pensions, Janani Suraksha Yojana, Scholarships, Financial inclusion, Kisan Credit Cards and MGNREGS wage disbursal through Adhaar


* Agriculture and Allied activities:

* Top priorities of state in Agriculture sector

* Improve farm incomes

* Sustainable growth in agriculture and allied activities

* Land Utilization:

* Total 275lac ha; Net Area Sown 116lac ha(40.58); Forests 62.3lac ha(22.65); Current fallow lands 8.26%; Non agri usage 10.19%; Barren 7.36%; remaining 10.96%

* Rainfall

* NE Monsoon - 269mm (20% more than normal rainfall)

* SW Monsoon 632mm (1.3% more than normal rainfall)

* Soil types

* Red soils (66%); Black soils (25%); Delta alluvial (5%); coastal & laterite (3%); saline & alkaline (1%)

* Area and Production -

* The area and production of food grains for year 2012-13 to show decline to the previous year

* Cropping intensity ration of GCA to NCA (1.23 for 2011-12)

* Rythu Mitra Farmer organisations for technical and monetary benefits in agriculture and allied activities

* AGRISNET

* Agricultural Resources Information Systems NET work

* Day to day information to farmer on crop production, input supply, marketing through internet

* Portal contains 18 important crops grown in AP, Schemes, subsidies of department and other important information on agriculture

* Crop diversification A wider choice in production of a variety of crops in a given area so as to expand production related activities

* National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA)

* Rainfed areas constitute about 57% of total 140.3 million ha

* NWDPRA was launched based on

* Integrated Wateshed Management

* Sustainable farming systems

* Rythu Chaitanya Yatra - To educate farmers particularly small and marginal farmers at grass root level

* Padi Pantalu monthly magazine printed by Dept. of Agriculture for farmers

* WTO News Digest Quarterly magazine distributed to agri and allied sectors

* SEEDNET to automate 23 Seed Testing Lab. (includes DNA finger printing lab at hyd)

* Mee Seva launched in November 2011;

* Kisan Call Center 1551

* National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS, Kharif 2000)

* Financial support to farmers in event of crop loss in the yield

* Credit eligibility of farmers after a crop failure for next season and to help stabilize farm incomes

* Village as Unit Insurance Scheme:

* AP only state to have scheme in all districts (from 2008)

* Covers 20crops(Kharif) and 10crops(rabi)

* Polambadi programme:

* Increase use of pesticides increses cost of cultivation and poor quality of produce, reducing market prices and returns

* Being done from seed to seed so that farmers can observe and analyze the dynamics of crop ecology across the season

* Conducted in paddy, maize, pulses, oil seeds, cotton & coarse cereals

* Yeruvaka Purnima

* Invoke farmer community for starting agricultural operations on onset of SW Monsoon

* Organized on 4th June 2012 in 7 districts

* Demonstration of Seed treatment, farm implements, soil sampling, precautions reg.handling of pesticides etc are shown

* ATMA scheme

* Agriculture Tech. Management Agency 1st June 2005

* Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms

* Integrated Research and Extension activities and decentralizing day-to-day management of public Agriculture Tech. System

* Involves agri. Activities for sustainable agri. development in the district

* National Food Security Mission

* 11 districts for Rice (sri, viz, Vizag, kri, gun, nel, med, mah, nlg, khm, adi)

* 22 districts for Pulses (except Hyderabad)

* A3P (Accelerated Pulses Production Programme)

* plant nutrients and plant protection centric improved technologies and management practices

* four pulses gram, urad(blackgram), arhar(redgram/pigeonpea), moong (greengram)

* System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Increase production and productivity of rice with less water

* Rural Credit Co-operatives:

* A. Vaidyanathan suggested reorganization of credit societies

* PACS have been reorganized from 4465 to 2949

* Union publishes co-operative monthly magazine for carrying publicity and propaganda of co-op principles and co-op movement in state Sahakara Samacharam

* Rural Electric Supply Co-operative Societies:

* RESC obj purchase electricity in bulk from nearest DISCOM and distribute it to domestic, industrial and agricultural consumers in their area of op.

* Four RESCs Kuppam, Anakapalle, Cheepurupalle, Siricilla

* AP Micro Irrigation Project (APMIP):

* APMIP was launched in Nov 2003; enhance crop productivity by improving water usage efficiency through micro irrigation systems

* Area covered 8.95lac ha

* Area under drip/sprinkler irrigation 1.1lac ha

* Vegetable Initiatives for Urban Clusters implemented in Medak, Mahaboobnagar, rangareddy

* National Research centre Oilpalm pedavegi center, WG

* Livestock

* Livestock cattle, buffalo, goat, pig, sheep, poultry

* Livestock contribute 5,3% of GSDP and form 28.5% of agriculture sector

* Pasu Kranthi Pathakam govt. provided high pedigreed milch animals and heifers from other state with 50% subsidy for welfare of BPL families

* RKVY being implemented to achieve 9% growth rate in animal husbandry

* Livestock Insurance Scheme

* Milch animals will be insured on 50% subsidy basis

* Centrally sponsored

* Jeevamitra

* Fed. Is to provide basic health services at doorsteps of shepherds in villages

* Sheep Insurance

* Since 2006-07; ex-gratia 1lac

* Bhed Palak Bhima Yojana Central Wool Dev. Board:

* Insurance scheme for woolly sheep (Deccani Sheep) rearers through LIC

* NCDC assistance to dev. of small ruminants(Sheep & Goat) by AP Sheep Fed. For 3 dists Chittor, Mahaboobnagar, Prakasam

* Piggery dev. project Vizag, Vizianagaram, Srikakulam

* Jeeva Kranthi Pathakam

* GoAP; 2007-08; 50% subsidy

* To support BPL families by supplying Breeding Rams, Ram Lamb Units, Sheep and Goat Units, under CM package

* Fisheries

* It contributes 2.9% of GSDP; Annual growth rate 11.5%

* Four fish landing centres under Assistance to State for Developing Export Infra and Allied activities (ASIDE) in Vodalarevu, Laxmipurampalle, Gundaipalem, Uppalanka

* Forests

* 2nd largest state in forest area in India

* Silviculture practice of controlling establishment, growth, consumption, health and quality of forests to meet diverse needs and values

* MGNREGS:

* Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

* Large number of nurseries are being raised under the Mahatma Gandhi Vana Nursery (MGVN) under MGNREGS

* Wildlife Conservation:

* Endemic species in AP state

* Cycas beddomi, Red sanders, shorea talura, Jerdons courser, Golden gecko, slender loris

* Insitu conservation:

* Conservation of natural habitats, maintenance, recovery of endangered species in their natural habitation

* 6 National Parks, 21 wildlife sanctuaries 4.72% GI or 20.38% forest area

* Exsitu conservation:

* Conservation of some endangered species in some man made habitat that imitates their natural habitat

* 4 Zoological Parks, 6 deer parks

* Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats:

* Project Tiger

* Nagarjuna Srisailam Tiger Reserve (Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary)1979 attained Tiger Reserve status in 1983

* Spread area 3568km, GBWS 1194; Buffer 1175km

* Gundla Brahmeswaram Wildlife sanctuary is regarded as extended core for NSTR

* Tiger with its co-predators like Panther, sloth bear, wild dog are present here

* Prey base - spotted deer, sambar, four horned antelope, chinkara, wild boar

* Rare and Endangered species - Mouse Deer, Honey Badger, Giant Squirrel

* Chenchus Native tribe of Nallamallai Region

* Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary or Kawal Tiger Reserve (2nd TR in State)

* Present in Jannaram Mandal of Adilabad district

* Spread area - 893kms; buffer area 1123km

* Estimated around 150 cheetals in the sanctuary

* Project Elephant

* Rayala Elephant Reserve including Koundinya Wildlife sanctuary are being developed under project elephant

* Restoration of Mangrove Forests until now 3042km of area

* Palapitta Periodic Newsletter on Environmental education

* Geomatics

* creation of spatial (geographic) database on various scales

* vegetation cover mapping and monitoring, survey and verification of notified forest boundary using DGPS

* enumeration of trees outside the forests and developing web-enabled forest management information system

* CSI Nihilent egovernance award for AP Project Tribal Welfare Dept IC & T initiative

* First Exsitu Biodiversity Park by Dolphin conservation society in Vizag

* Bio piracy Red sand boa, star tortoise, Tarantula (spider), Red sander

* 22nd May International Biodiversity Day

* Sericulture

* Proddutur(Kadapa), Hindupur(Anantapur) famous for raw silk trading

* Bivoltine sericulture producing 2 broods or generations in a season

* 1% Ad-Valorem (to the value of) tax on the sale or purchase of product

* Rythu Bazars 107 in number at an average 45,000 farmers every week


* Industries:

* Single Window Act

* Industrial Single Window Clearance Act in 2002


* For speedy processing and issue of various approvals/clearances/permissions required for setting up of Industrial undertakings and also to create an investment friendly environment in the State


* Mega Projects

* Projects with investment more than 250cr is a mega project as per New Industrial Promotion Policy 2010-15

* Prime Ministers Employment Generation Programme(PMEGP) central scheme funded by Ministry of Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises

* Industrial Investment Promotion Policy (2010-15):

* Incentives for MSME and Large Industries in all districts except Vijayawada, GVMC and GHMC and excluding existing Industrial Estates/Parks, Industrial Estates notified / to be notified

* Incentives given for micro and small enterprises:

* 15% investment subsidy on fixed investment capital to a max of 20lacs

* 100% reimbursement of stamp duty paid on land purchase for ind. Use

* 25% rebate of land cost limited to 10lac in Industrial estates and parks

* Fixed power cost @ Rs.0.75 per unit (upper ceiling) on the proposed revised rates (2010-11) for a period of 5 years from the date of commencement of commercial production

* Reimbursement of 100% and 50% VAT/CST or SGST for micro and medium enterprises respectively

* 50% Reimbursement of cost involved in skill up-gradation and training of local manpower limited to Rs.2000 per person.

* 50% subsidy on expenses incurred for quality certification / patent registration limited to Rs.2.00 Lakh for MSEs.

* 25% subsidy on specific cleaner production measures limited to Rs.5.00 Lakh.

* To extend investment subsidy to identified service activities related to industries setup in all Municipal Corporation limits in the State

* Index of Industrial Production(IIP):

* Yardstick for measuring the Industrial growth of state

* It includes the relative change of physical production in the field of Industry during specific period as compared to the previous period

* IIP for mining & quarrying, Manufacturing and Electricity sectors registered growth rate of 3.1%, -11.5%, -5.5% respectively

* State level Public Enterprises(SLPE):

* Top 5 Housing corp., AP Genco, APCPDCL, APSPDCL, TRANSCO

* Mines and Geology:

* AP known as Ratna Garbha

* Limestone(34%), Coal(10%), Mica(86%), Dolomites(11%), Bauxite(40%), Barytes(96%), Clays(30%), Heavy mineral beach sands(40%), Manganese(10%), Feldspar(11%), Quartz, Silica sand Soapstone(16%), Gold, Diamonds(16%), Uranium, Oil & Natural gas, Iron ore, Semi-precious stones, Granite(40%), Slates, Limestone slabs, Marbles, Dimensional & Building stones(40%)

* The State occupies first position in Barytes, Limestone and Beach sand heavy mineral deposits in the country

* There are huge deposits of Bauxite in East Godavari and Visakhapatnam districts.

* Krishna- Godavari on shore and off shore basins contain huge reserves of oil and natural gas.

* The State also has huge uranium deposits in Kadapa and Nalgonda districts

* AP is 2nd largest Cement producer

* percentage growth compared to last year during the same period was 27%

* Rare earth elements or Rare earth metals

* set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium

* Poverty and Unemployment:

* Poverty Ratios

* State - 22.8(Rural); 17.7(Urban); 21.1(Total)

* Centre 33.8(Rural); 20.9(Urban);29.8 (Total)

* Quinquennial (recurring every 5yrs) survey on Employment and Unemployment is conducted by NSSO(National Sample Survey Office)

* Work Force Participation Rate(WFPR) Number of persons employed per 1000 persons

* A person is considered working if he worked more than 4hrs or more during day

* WFPR in AP males in rural areas is increased, where as that of females decreased in 2009-10 when compared to 2004-05, while it has decreased for both males and females in urban areas

* Vocational Training Improvement Projects:

* ITI Thambalpally, Chittoor dist. Awarded Best performing Southern region ITI for 2012

* ITI Bhimavaram Best consolidation prize for 2012

* AP declared as best practicing state under PPP at the first national conference on skill development held at Mumbai

* Rajiv Yuva Kiranalu

* GoAP to provide placement linked skills to unemployed youth in private establishment

* Mission proposes to employ 15 lakh youth in jobs in the private industry by 2014

* All Government offices which have computer hardware and internet facility have been declared as registration centres so that unemployed can register themselves in RYK portal


* Social Infrastructure:

* Population growth rate = 11.1%;

* Most populous district Rangareddy (Former EG); least Vizianagaram

* Sex ratio = 992

* Density of population 308

* Pc of urban population to total population is 33.49

* World Population Day 11th July

* Literacy Rate = 67.66 pc (national=74.04pc); male 75.56pc; Female 59.74pc

* First Hyderabad(80.96pc); last Mahabubnagar 56.06pc

* Education:

* 86th amendment enhance the compulsory education for children of age group 6-14

* 21A Fundamental right

* 45 Directive principle of state policy

* 51A Fundamental duty of parent/guardian

* 93rd Amendment Reservation in educational institutions(incl. private institutions) for OBC students

* Pass percentage of students in SSC examination is 87.85 pc for year 2012-13

* Mid-day meal scheme 75% central & 25% state

* Rajiv Vidhya Mission SSA, NPEGEL(National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level), KGBV(Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidhyalayas)

* Balika Chetana Programme implemented in partnership with UNICEF to empower girls to overcome problems

* Snehabala programme Self Learning Interactive Materials(SLIM) for I and II class students

* QUEST A programme organized in ITDA(Integrated Tribal Development Agency) schools to provide quality education for ST students

* Chinnari Choopu conducted to screen and provide spectacles and perform surgical corrections to school children

* Mana TV Tele-lessons on important subjects for Intermediate students

* Teleconferences, Telecounselling and Panel discussions were organized through MANA TV

* live training programme for competitive examinations like BSRB, RRB, SSC are also arranged

* NAAC National Assessment and Accreditation Council accredits institutions of Higher education in India. Autonomous body funded by UGC

* Family Welfare

* Estimated Birth rate, Death rate, IMR of AP are 17.5, 7.5, 43 (National 21.8, 7.1, 44)

* ASHA(Accredited Social Health Activity):

* health resource person of first resort to provide all Maternal & Child Health services to the community in rural areas

* Started in 2005-06; 70,700 ASHAs in AP;

* CEMONC (Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care Services):

* Promote institutional deliveries, attend emergency pregnancy, delivery and child birth cases being reported within a range of 35 to 40 kms

* 156 CEMONC centres

* Janani Suraksha Yojana:

* Cash incentive of 700 given to pregnant woman to promote deliveries in public institutions in rural areas

* Sukhibhava scheme which provides Rs300 to BPL rural pregnant apart from above

* Extended to provide Rs. 600/- to under BPL urban pregnant woman who deliver in government institutions

* Home deliveries were provided an amount of Rs.500

* Janani Sishu Suraksha Karyakram:

* free cashless deliveries and care to sick new born till 30 days after birth at public health institutions; started October 2011

* MAARPU:

* bringing behavior change in community through convergence for effectively reducing MMR, IMR and to improve health and nutritional status of women & children

* JBAR (Jawahar Bala Aarogya Raksha):

* Aimed to to improve the health of school going children studying classes 1st to 10th standard in government and government aided schools

* immunisation, vitamin-A supplementation, biannual de-worming and referral services to higher medical institutions for better treatment

* Child Immunization:

* Infants under one year are vaccinated against VPDs through BCG, DPT, OPV, measles, hepatitis B vaccines

* BCG(Bacille Calmette Guerin) Tuberculous Meningitis

* DPT Diphtheria, Pertussis(Whooping cough), Tetanus

* OPV Oral Polio Vaccine

* Urban Slum Health Services:

* Started in 2000; provides preventive, promotive and curative services to people living in urban slum areas

* Birth Waiting Homes:

* provide complete nutrition and wage loss compensation to pregnant women and their attendants who use birth waiting home

* Rajiv Arogyasri Health Insurance Scheme:

* Implemented through Aarogyasri Health Care Trust; started - 1Apr2007

* each BPL family is provided health coverage to the extent of Rs.2.00 Lakh

* The scheme was implemented online through an efficient IT portal

* Aarogyamithra(Health Worker) helps illiterate patients

* No enrollment process, need a BPL card to claim the service

* CMCO Peripheral Center Patients without white card need to physically approach the CMCO centre with proof of residence for issuing of a temporary referral card for cashless treatment

* APVVP(AP Vaidya Vidhana Parishad):

* Manages secondary level hospitals; 234 hospitals under APVVP control

* Drugs are provided to all hospitals by the central drug stores under APHMHIDC as per the requirements specified by APVVP

* National Programme for prevention of CVD, NCD diseases:

* National Cancer Awareness Day - 7th Nov 2012

* World Diabetic Day - 14th Nov 2012

* World Habitat Day First Monday of every October

* International Day for Older persons (IDOP) 1st October

* National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme:

* Every year 17million cases 0.8 million deaths before 1953

* NVBDCP deals with Malaria, Japanese Encephalities, Suspected Viral Encephalitis, Dengue, Chikungunya, Filaria and Kala Azar diseases

* SHUBHAM campaign

* unique and pioneering initiative of APSACSs and aims to improve HIV testing and hence converting them from unknown to known HIV status

* CABA - Children affected By AIDS implemented in 2 districts to address the care, support and treatment aspects and hundreds of CABA are linked to services like Education, Health and Nutrition

* SAHARA - identity cards for patients receiving the Anti- Retroviral Therapy (ART) medicines

* to access benefits provided by the Government like concessions for travel, priority in housing schemes and pensions etc

* Women Development and Child Welfare:

* Ujjwala Scheme - for prevention of trafficking, rescue, rehabilitation and re-integration of victims of trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation

* scheme provides food, shelter, clothing, counseling, legal aid to the inmates in rehabilitation

* ICDS

* Single largest centrally sponsored scheme

* There are 300 ICDS projects with 91,307 anganwadi centers

* Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls SABALA:

* cover Adolescent Girls in the age group 11 to 18 years in all ICDS projects in select 200 Districts across India

* In AP Vizag, WG, Chittor, Anantapur, Adilabad, Mahabubnagar,Hyd

* Kishori Samooh

* Girls in each group select three leaders of their choice for a year

* These girls will be called Sakhi and Saheli

* Sakhi and Sahelis, will be given training as per prescribed module at the project/circle level to serve as peer-monitors for Kishori Samooh

* Kishori Sadassu - celebrated once in three months. Supplementary nutrition, IFA supplementation, health check-up and referral, Nutrition and health education,Counselling/guidance on family welfare, ARSH, childcare practices and home management, life skills education and accessing public services and vocational training for adolescent girls


* IGMSY(Indira Gandhi Matriva Sahyog Yojana):

* conditional cash transfer scheme to be piloted initially in 52 districts across the country

* In AP it is implemented in WG and Nalgonda districts

* Pregnant Women of 19 years and above are entitled for benefits under the scheme for the first two live births

* The beneficiaries are paid Rs.4000/- in three installments

* AWW and AWH get an incentive of Rs200 and Rs100 respectively

* Kishori Shakti Yojana:

* 100% centrally sponsored scheme

* empowerment of adolescent girls by breaking the inter-cycle of nutritional and gender disadvantages in 2000

* Indira Darsini monthly magazine to create awareness among people about different services rendered by Women Dev & Child Welfare (WD&CW) dept.

* Juvenile Welfare:

* Sarathi

* Departments(Juvenile Justice Dept) project in collaboration with Kusuma Trust, UNICEF, Sadhana

* It is training manual for frontline workers in child welfare and development agencies

* It equips with counseling knowledge and legal skills to enable early intervention with vulnerable children

* Disabled Welfare:

* The Persons with Disabilities Act, 1996

* Deals with prevention and promotional aspects of rehabilitation of education, employment and vocational training, creation of barrier-free environment, provision of rehabilitation service for persons with disabilities

* 5 Residential Schools for visually impaired, 6 Residential Schools for hearing impaired; 1 residential Jr. College for hearing impaired in Bapatla and 1 residential Jr. College for visually impaired in Mahabubnagar dists.

* 1.79% of the total population of A.P are disabled as per 2001 census

* Schemes:

* A subsidy of Rs.3000/- was sanctioned to disabled persons under economic rehabilitation scheme during 2011-12

* Incentive award for marriage b/w disabled and normal person was increased to Rs50000

* 50 % subsidy on petrol to disabled persons having motorized own vehicles for self-transportation with annual income up to Rs.24,000

* 3% reservation in promotions to disabled employees. 3% seats in coaching and training facilities for disabled in all Welfare departments irrespective of caste/religion

* BC Welfare:

* BC 138 communities;

* Reimbursement of tuition fees for EBCs on saturation basis on par with BCs from the year 2009-10

* AP BC Co-operative Finance Co-operation Limited:

* Margin Money:

* provide financial assistance to B.C. beneficiaries in agriculture and allied sectors, small business and industry, service and transport sector activities

* The beneficiaries are covered from rural area:

* Subsidy of 50% unit cost not exceeding Rs.30,000/- per beneficiary

* 40% or balance of unit cost as bank loan.

* 10% of the unit cost as beneficiary contribution

* For unit cost that is more than Rs.60,000/ subsidy of Rs.30,000 is provided, 10% beneficiary contribution and the balance is loan from Banks

* Rajiv Abhyudaya Yojana:

* Similar to that of Marginal Money but implemented in Urban areas

* Social Welfare:

* SC:

* SC people 123.39lac; 16.19% of total population; 4th largest SC pop

* 82% of the Scheduled Caste people are living in rural areas

* Sex Ratio among the Scheduled Castes is 981

* The literacy rate among SCs was 53.52 in 2001

* Social Welfare department is to look after the educational advancement, socio-economic development, welfare and protection of Scheduled Castes

* Rajiv Vidhya Deewena - pre-matric scholarships to Scheduled Caste students studying in Government schools, APSW Residential Schools from 2012-13 onwards

* Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan and Tribal Sub-Plan (Planning, Allocation, and Utilization of Financial Resources) Act, 2013:

* First pioneer state in the country that has initiated such Legislative intervention

* Accelerated dev. of SCs & STs in the coming 10years in the areas of economic, educational and human development along with ensuring security, social dignity and promoting equity

* Social Welfare Department is designated as the Nodal Department for Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan (SCSP)

* The Nodal Agency for implementation of the Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) is constituted under the Chairmanship of Minister Tribal Welfare

* Tribal Welfare:

* Tribal welfare department was established in 1962

* tribal population of Andhra Pradesh according to 2001 Census is 50.24 Lakh constituting about 6.59%

* Punadi - introduced in all tribal welfare schools covering 250000 students in class 3rd to 9th for strengthening the academic foundation of ST students

* QuEST - a unique initiative that aims to attain subject specific, class specific competencies

* Bhavita - a mass contact initiative aimed at counseling, assessingt and prepararing individual employment plans for ST youth

* The subsidy was increased from Rs.10,000/- to Rs.30,000/- from 2009-10

* Vetamamidi (EG dist) has a mini hydel project which is commissioned and maintained by local tribals

* Minorities Welfare:

* As per 2001 census, the population of Minorities in our State was around 82.00 Lakh, which constitutes over 11% of the total population

* The Andhra Pradesh State Minorities Commission was constituted in 1979

* Subsequently, it was enacted as the A.P. State Minorities Commission Act, 1998

* looks into specific issues in the area of social equity and addressing complaints of discrimination faced by Minority Community

* Chamak Scheme - Free coaching to minorities for job oriented competitive examinations

* Provides free coaching to job-oriented competitive examinations

* Provides free coaching in Language Communication and Key Skills

* Provides free books and study materials to candidates availing coaching

* AP State Haj Committee:

* Haj Committee is constituted for making arrangements for the Haj.pilgrimage of Muslims

* Youth Services:

* Youth welfare schemes are categorized as following:

* Providing self-employment to unemployed youth

* Training to provide employment

* Other participatory programmes



* Rajiv Yuvasakthi Programme :

* provide financial assistance, create self-employment opportunities for eligible unemployed youth, and establish self-employment units in Industry, Service and Business Sectors

* Yuva Chaitanya Sadassulu - hrough coordination of Nehru Yuva Kendras

* Housing:

* APSHCL(AP State Housing Corporation Limited) motivated and educated beneficiaries to eliminate exploitation by middlemen, reduced cost of construction by encoraging adoption of cost-effective and eco-friendly technologies, and helped in capacity building and utilization of human resources from rural and urban poor

* Rajiv Swagruha launched in 2007;

* affordable housing to moderate income group in all municipalities and municipal corporations in the State

* Objective - make available houses / flats to moderate income group at 25% less cost than the prevailing market rate

* Multi-storied constructions are taken up in municipal corporations and independent houses in other municipalities

* Rural Water Supply:

* World Bank Assistance Programme:

* 864cr sanctioned for 5years in 6 districts

* proposed to provide drinking water facilities in quality affected, not covered and partially covered habitations with IBRD Assistance

* Visakhapatnam, Prakasam, Kadapa, Mahabubnagar, Karimnagar and Adilabad

* TSC/NBA:

* Total Sanitation Campaign/ Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan(1Apr2012)

* It emphasizes Information, Education and Communication (IEC), human resources development, and capacity development activities to increase awareness and demand generation for sanitation facilities

* Urban Water Supply and Sanitation:

* JNNURM:

* JN National Urban Renewal Mission

* Launched in 2005-06; budgetary provision 50000Cr for 7yrs

* mission aims to encourage reform and fast track infra development

* Urban Infra Dev. Scheme for Small and Medium Towns:

* Provide urban infra in Water Supply, Under Ground Drainage, Storm Water Drains, Solid Waste Management and Transportation in Non-mission Urban local bodies (ULBs)

* Scheme applies to ULBs except Hyd, Vizag, Vijayawada, Tirupati

* funding pattern is in the ratio of 80:10:10 between Government of India, Government of Andhra Pradesh and ULB

* Integrated Housing Slum Development Program:

* To improve infrastructure facilities in slum areas

* The funding pattern is 80:10:10 between Central Government, State Government and ULB

* Urban Infrastructure Development in Satellite Towns (UIDST):

* Selected satellite town of AP Vikarabad Town for CSSUIDST(Centrally Sponsored Scheme for UIDST)

* Muncipal Administration:

* Urban sanitation door to door garbage collection

* Muncipal Solid Waste Management Waste to Energy Projects

* All ULBs grouped in to 19 clusters for management of MSW

* 5 projects have been permitted to utilize waste generated in 67 ULBs and 1 is operational at present

* Rajiv Nagara Bata Programme:

* Jan2005; all ULBs

* Provision of adequate water, drainage system, street lighting, roads etc., with an emphasis on basic infra

* Provide minimum infra in community and religious institutions like temples mosques, churches

* INDIRAMMA:

* Integrated Novel Development in Rural Areas and Model Municipal Areas

* all wards in the Municipal Area over a period of three years for basic infra facilities and welfare measures

* Old people, widows, weavers and disabled persons are given pensions

* Indira Kranthi Patham:

* Mission for Elimination of Poverty in Municipal Areas(MEPMA)

* organize poor women into SHGs by covering all families living in slums and enable them to become self-reliant

* 3.02lac Women SHGs 30lac women

* 10.59lac SHG 115.48 members (Total)

* Urban Self Employment Programme:

* Urban poor to set up self-employment ventures and micro enterprises with 25% subsidy with an upper limit of Rs 2.00 Lakh cost per unit

* Abhaya Hastham(Pension cum Insurance Scheme):

* co-contributory pension cum insurance for the benefit of SHG women over and above the age of 18 years in urban areas to provide social security after the age of 60 years

* Janasri Bhima Yojana:

* Oct2010; for uncovered SHG members in YSR Abhayahastam

* Rajiv Awas Yojana:

* for the slum dwellers and urban poor

* central support to State if assign property rights to slum dwellers

* MEPMA nodal agency to make slum free AP through RAY

* HMDA:

* Hussainsagar Lake and Catchment Area Improvement Project with ODA loan from JICA(Japan Intl. Co-op Agency)

* Hyderabad Metro Rail Project(HRMP) is the worlds largest Metro Rail project being executed in public private partnership (PPP) mode (L&T and GoI)

* 72 km Hyderabad Metro Rail project is the worlds largest mass transit project being built in PPP mode

* The financial model envisages generation of about 50% of the revenue from passenger fares, 45% from property development and 5% from advertisements

* GoAP set up Special Tax Force(STF) headed by Chief Secretary(Minnie Mathews) for regular monitoring of the project

* Rural Development:

* Watershed Development Programmes to the drought related Rainfed areas DPAP, DDP, IWDP, IWMP, Indira Prabha, NGNREGS

* DPAP:

* Drought Prone Area Programme/Desert Dev. Programme:

* Funding 75:25; from 2000;

* drought proofing by taking up soil and moisture conservation, water harvesting structures, afforestation and horticulture

* IWDP:

* Integrated Wasteland Dev. Programme

* 1992; 100%;

* Impl. In non-DPAP blocks of DPAP dist. And non DPAP dists.

* area is treated with soil and moisture conservation works, water harvesting structures, afforestation

* IWMP:

* Integrated Watershed Management Programme

* 90:10;

* Restore ecological bal. by harnessing, conserving and developing degraded natural resource such as soil, vegetative cover and water

* Prevent soil run-off, regeneration of natural vegetation, rain water harvesting and recharging of ground water table




* Indira Prabha:

* Nov2004;

* Provide an Integrated and Comprehensive Livelihood options and development of compact blocks of assigned land owned by poor SC, ST, BC and other communities

* MGNREGS:

* February 2, 2006

* legal guarantee of providing at least 100 days of wage employment to rural households whose adult members are willing to do unskilled manual labour

* Chenchu Tribe Group Special Strategy:

* Eevery Chenchu laborer is provided with continuous wage employment through-out the year

* Every Chenchu labor is assured of Rs 1000 every month

* 4 special offices opened under NREGS Chenchu project

* Unnati(Nirupedala Samagrabhivriddhi):

* improving the standard of living, enable social inclusion and assist the disadvantaged and vulnerable groups come out of poverty through intensive handholding

* Obj all target households earn a minimum of Rs. 1.20 lakh income per annum from multiple livelihood sources in 3 yrs

* Obj - significant improvement is affected in human development indicators

* Social and Human Development:

* gender equity, recognizing people with disabilities among the poorest of the poor, health and nutrition intervention, quality education, poverty alleviation (Millenium Goals)

* Millenium goals will be set by UN

* Indias HDI (Mahabub ul Haq, Amartya Sen) rank 136(0.554) former rank 134

* States Rank(2011)

* Kerala, Delhi (high HD)

* AP 15th (0.437, low HD)

* Chattisgarh last (0.358)

* Aam Admi Jeevitha Bhima Yojana:

* March2008; To benefit Rural agriculture landless labours

* LIC provides insurance cover of 30000 for natural deaths and 75000 for accidental for a premium of 320

* premium is shared by the Central and State on 50:50 basis

* Swaranjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana(SGSY):

* 75:25; 1Apr1999

* to uplift poor families above poverty line by providing them income generating assets through a mix of bank credit and Government subsidy


* National Rural Livelihood Mission(NRLM):

* NRLM replaced SGSY from June2011

* Cover BPL households in villages through self-managed SHGs

* Aided in part through investment support by the World Bank

* National Family Benefit Scheme:

* NFBS is part of NSAP(National Social Assistance Programme)

* Provide lump sum amount to family BPL on the death of primary breadwinner. A one-time grant of Rs5000 is given

* Rural Infra Dev Fund:

* With assistance of NABARD

* NAtional Bank for Agri & Rural Dev. Prakash Bakshi

* connectivity, and construction of school building works

* Rajiv Palle Bata:

* People get an opportunity to represent their problems directly to their leaders. The leadership, in turn, benefits from public feed-back about governmental polices

* Rachabanda:

* Intended to motivate and instill confidence in public by redressing their grievances on the spot and to take administration to the door steps of the people

* Prajapatham:

* An interaction programme between the public, their elected representatives and a team of public servants in their own territory

* Indiramma Bata:

* 14thJul2012

* Assess the status and outreach of developmental and welfare programmes being implemented in the State


* Economic Infrastructure:

* Irrigation:

* At present, 86 projects (44 Major + 30 Medium + 4 Flood Banks + 8 Modernisation) are being considered under Jalayagnam

* Some Lift Irrigation Projects:

* BR Ambedkar Pranahita Chevella Sujala Sravanti project - on Godavari

* Mahatma Jyothi Rao Pule Dummugudem Nagarjuna Sagar Tail Pond

* Chinthalapudi Lift Irrigation scheme WG, Krishna

* Babu Jagjeevan Ram Uttarandhra Sujala Sravanthi Project Srikakulam, Vijayanagaram, Vizag

* P.V. Narasimha Rao Kanthanapally Sujala Sravanthi Warangal, Khammam, Nalgonda

* World bank assisted project Hydrology project phase II

* building and expanding development of a comprehensive Hydrological Information System (HIS)

* proposed to intensify HIS and lead to effective and efficient water resources planning and management

* Power:

* APSEB(AP State Electricity Board) 1959; divided into APGENCO, APTRANSCO 1999

* DISCOM DIStribution COMpanies

* E-Vaaradhi - an electronic method of reaching electricity consumers was introduced in EPDCL for passing messages relating to billing information, power shut down information through SMS

* APSRTC

* Road Transport Sector was under the department of Hyderabad State from 1st Nov.1951

* APSRTC was formed as a separate corporation from 11january, 1958

* APSRTC is the largest State Road Transport undertaking in the country was acknowledged both by Limca book of records (2000), and the Guinness Book of World Records (31st October, 1999)

* corporation has 7 Zones, 23 Regions and 211 Depots with a total fleet strength of 22,604 buses and 1.23 Lakh employees



* Ports:

* Kakinada Anchorage Port - Anchorage Port is a sheltered Port in 17 Kms length of Hope Island.

* Rawa port is located in East Godavari District and has an off shore single buoy mooring system for collecting off shore oil tankers

* Gangavaram Port This Port is located in Visakhapatnam district. It is being developed with private participation as a Multipurpose all weather port to become the deepest port

* Krishnapatnam Port - is in Nellore District and is the first Greenfield port

* Vodarevu, Nizampatnam Port and Industrial Corridor- VANPIC Project - Vodarevu port in Prakasam district and Nizampatnam Port in Guntur district under Public Private Participation Mode

* Machilipatnam Port GoAP is developing the Machilipatnam port in Krishna District under PPP

* IT and Communications:

* ITAll India growth rate is 15.7%, AP recorded a growth rate of 16% in 2011-12

* The State of Andhra Pradesh contributes 12.4% to national IT exports and ranks 4th in IT performance in the country

* SEZ is a specifically delineated enclave treated as foreign territory for the purpose of industrial, service and trade operations, with relaxation in customs duties and more liberal regime regarding other levies, foreign investments and other transactions

* Organising the ICT Promotion event Advantage A.P. 2013 - to project the State as the most preferred IT destination


* 11th Plan Review:

* GSDP grew at 8.18% during 11th plan period (2007-12) National growth(8.03%)

* Agriculture sector 5.28%

* Industrial Sector 7.26%

* Service sector 9.81%

* Agriculture Sector:

* Record Food grain generation in 2008-09 period 205lac tons

* State accounts for more than 10% of the countrys livestock and ranks 1st in Egg and Meat production and 2nd in milk production

* Livestock sector 26% of agri-GSDP; 5.4% of overall GSDP; GR 7.1%

* State ranks second in the country in fish production

* 12.1% of the Agri-GSDP and 2.6% of the overall GSDP grew at over 10%

* Forestry & Logging sub-sector which on average contributes 5.57% of the Agri-GSDP and 1.2% of the overall GSDP has grown at 1.9%

* Industry Sector

* Electricity, Gas and Water Supply sub sector grew with an impressive growth rate of 10.07%

* Construction subsector with a growth rate of 8.24%

* Mining & Quarrying subsector, showing a volatile trend, grew at 3.12%

* manufacturing sub-sector which on average accounts for more than 48% of the Industrial GSDP and over 12% of the GSDP, grew at 7.63%

* Service Sector

* Service sector contributes 53% of GSDP

* Sub-sectors of Service sector Communications, Banking & Insurance, Real estate & Business services and Transport (other than Railways) & Storage

* 11th plan Economic services(64%), Social service(35%), General services(1%)

* Jalayagnam - aim to complete ongoing and other new projects to provide immediate irrigation to water-starving segments

* Rajiv Aarogya Sree Community Health Insurance Under PPP, to improve access of BPL families to quality medical treatment of diseases involving hospitalization and surgery

* Various Flagship programmes and their performance

* RKVY central(100%); increase investment in agriculture and allied sectors to achieve annual growth of 4%

* SHM launched on 3rd Nov 2005; holistic growth of Horticulture sector

* focus crops under SHM are: 1.Mango 2. Sweet Orange 3. Sapota 4. Pomegranate 5.Banana 6.Papaya and 7.Cashew 8. Flowers 9. Spices



* MGNREGS

* MGNREGA provide 100 days of wage employment to rural households whose adult members are willing to do unskilled manual labour

* Government has enhanced the number of work days per year 150 and the wage rate Rs. 137 per day

* Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme GoI initiated assistance to complete ongoing major and medium irrigation projects taken up with CWC and Planning Commission Clearances

* RGGVY twin objectives of electrification of villages and to provide access to electricity to BPL households in the country

* Central : state = 90:10

* NRDWP - intends to provide safe and adequate drinking water facilities to quality affected habitations, not covered habitations and partially covered habitations in rural areas

* TSC/NBA - accelerate further the sanitation coverage in the rural areas so as to comprehensively cover the rural community with renewed strategies

* Vision - Nirmal Bharat by 2022 with all gram Panchayats in the country attaining Nirmal status

* IAY - intends to provide Houses to BPL families (SC/ST/Minorities/others) living in rural areas

* JNNURM - improve efficiency in urban infrastructure/services delivery mechanism, community participation and accountability of Urban Local Bodies/ Parastatals towards citizens

* Obj - Urban Infrastructure and Governance (UIG), Basic Services for the Poor (BSUP), Urban Infrastructure and Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) and Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme: (IHSDP)

* PMGSY All season access to remotest and unconnected habitations

* 100%central;

* Mid-day meal - improve the nutritional status of children

* NRHM reduction of IMR, MMR. Universal access to public health services

* NSAP (National Social Assistance Programme) Flagship programme of GoI which aims to provide human security to poor and destitute; 100%central;

* NSAP has three components - NOAPS, NFBS and Annapurna Scheme

* National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM):

* It replaced Swaranjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana(SGSY);

* Central and state at 75:25 ratio

* It is aided in part through investment support by the World Bank

* Backward Regions Grant Fund(BRGF):

* Formerly known as Rastriya Sam Vikas Yojana(RSVY)

* low agricultural productivity, Unemployment, and to fill the critical gaps in physical and social infrastructure so as to redress regional imbalances in development

* Indira Jal Prabha:

* Nov 2011;

* to convert 10 lakh acres of uncultivated lands belonging to the poorest of poor SC/ST households to cultivable irrigated lands during 12th FYP

* Indiramma Amrutha Hastham:

* One nutritious meal a day to pregnant woman and lactating mothers is being provided at Anganwadis

* 12th Five Year Plan period(2012-17):

* Growth Rate in state is better than National average during 10th and 11th plans (particularly in agriculture and industry sectors)

* High GSDP + decline in growth of Population = 10% higher PCI than National avg.

* Estimated Growth Rate for 12th FY period

* 8.2%(national) agriculture(4%); Industry(8.2%); Service(9.1%)

* 10%(state) agriculture(6%), Industry(10.5%); Services(11.5%)

* Largest projected outlay of all states in 12th plan 3,42,842cr (9.2% of all states)

* Priorities and strategies of 12th plan

* Poverty reduction from 29.6% in 2004-05 to 21.1% in 2009-10

* Agriculture and allied

* Agriculture Technology Mission(ATM) - agriculture, horticulture, fisheries, food processing, storage and marketing

* Thrust areas SRI, seed replacement, oil palm development, cluster development, avoidance of handling losses

* Food grain prod. To reach a new peak of 300lac MT

* Micronutrient deficiency in Andhra Pradesh soils is identified as one of the major constraints to crop productivity

* Macro nutrients N, K, S, Ca, Pm Mg

* Micro nutrients Cl, Fe, Zn, Mn, B, Cu, Ni, Mo

* Construction of scientific storage space aimed to reduce post-harvest losses from 35% to less than 25%

* During 12th FYP, it is planned to create 78.9 lakh acres of Irrigation Potential

* Energy

* Andhra Pradesh Solar Power Policy, 2012 - state has planned for purchase of 1000 MW of solar power through DISCOMs

* Population annual growth rate stands at 1.11%

* Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan and Tribal Sub-Plan(Planning Allocation and Utilisation of Financial Resources), 2013

* ensure accelerated development of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes with emphasis on achieving equality in the next ten years focusing on economic, educational and human development

* ensuring the security and social dignity and promoting equity among the SCs and STs

* Aadhar Governance Award by the UIDAI East Godavari