Governance and Good Governance

Governance and Good Governance
Government:
It is a critical and inseparable element of the state
It is a responsible state for administration through various institutions to ensure a better society and improved lives of citizens.
In the course of administration, the government creates a relationship between its various institutions and citizens. The nature of this relationship depends the nature of the state, e.g.,. Whether it is a military state, autocratic state, democratic state, or any other form
Governance:

Governance- Not Static but dynamic in nature Who govern and How well- Means Governance

Definition of UNDP
* the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country's affairs at all levels and by which states promote social cohesion and integration, and ensure the well-being of their population

In General
* Focus on effective interaction between government, Market, Civil Society and Cooperative Endeavour to realize desire outcome
* Quality of government increase
* Significant position of citizens- Collective participation in decision making
* reform in the governing process for better and improved policy outcome
* Encompass Effectiveness of state, Government, Market and Community
* Encompass Political, Social and Economic Aspect of the governing system

Definition for Market Economy
* Reduction of the role of the State in economic activities as well as the promotion of the role of the market.

Definition during period of Globalisation
* As the set of guiding principles to improve and strengthen the capacity of the recipient countries towards better and effective implementation of development initiatives.

Broad Concern
* Independent Judiciary
* Accountability
* Public participation- Not just as consumer
* Ensure Citizen right
* Empowering people
* Responsiveness
* Strong Civil Society including press
* Civil Servants imbued with professional Ethos








Good Governance:
Good governance would promote and ensure development.
Sound economic policies and democratic institutions that are responsive to people's needs are instrumental for sustained economic growth, poverty eradication, and employment generation. This unit deals in detail with governance and development
1989: World Bank: Sub Sahara Africa- From crisis to Sustained growth
Need for Good Governance


Governance and Development: Inter relationship
Development- Efforts to make for increasing per Capita income and improving standard living and well-being of society (including health, education, sanitation, safe drinking water, employment opportunity etc.)
The term development is closely related to process of Governance. The Centre point of Both Development and governance is offering benefit to people. Both are complement each other. Development bears fruit in presence of good governance. Good governance ensure people participation in decision making process related to development programme. The participation of people in development initiatives truly reflects the empowerment of people.
According to Asian Development Bank (ADB), the four key areas of interrelationship between governance and development.






The United Nations General Assembly 2005 World Summit outcome envisaged that "good governance is essential for sustainable development


Basis for







Features of Good Governance:


The Challenges for Good Governance:

1. Political and Administrative aspects

2. Aspects in general









Attributes of Good Governance:

Attributes

Rightsizing government function
* To identify and Care functions that cant performed by market such as law and order, security, Social service, Creating infrastructure, macroeconomic management
* autonomous regulatory agencies with quasi-judicial powers, in order to ensure that the functioning of private units

Greater use of information technology and management techniques
* evolving better systems of record keeping, movement of files, space utilization, and the adoption of other available means of automation
* make public offices more effective and efficient through computerized information system
* Simplification of office procedures, standardization of job output, and introduction of appraisal by result
* efficiency cum performance audit would ensure greater accountability
* Performance budgeting

Delegation, ethics and participation
* delegation and devolution of authority and responsibility
* adherence to clearly defined ethical standards
* process of consultation and participation in decision making

Ensuring Accountability
* Through institutional Framework and establishing accountability mechanism such as public accountable committee, executive accountability to parliament
* Right to information (RTI) Act

Institutional reforms
* Changing policy and programmes;
* improving administrative effectiveness;
* solving personal problems;
* countering pressures and threats from outside organizations.

Decentralization
* empowerment of citizens in general and vulnerable section in particular

Delegation
* empowerment of grass root functionaries

Democratization
* dispersal of politico-administrative power

De-bureaucrazation
* privatization, contracting out and removing delays and rigidity in public organizations

Others ways
* Technology up gradation (introducing information technology),
* incorporating modern techniques of management to ensure effectiveness and efficiency capacity building of public institutions (training of civil servants) and
* transparency and openness in public organizations