ROLE OF NGO AND SELF HELP GROUPS

NGO as per world bank is a private organization that pursues activities to relieve suffering ,promote the interest of the poor ,protect the environment ,provide basic social service undertake community development.








Classification of NGO-
1 ) operational-aims at implementation of development oriented projects.
2 ) advocacy-influences policies, practices and interest of organization

Why voluntary organization?

* It is close to mind and heart of people

* It respond to needs and aspiration of community

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE-
PRARTHANA SAMAJ 1864
SATYA SODHAK SAMAJ
ARYA SAMAJ 1875
SIXTH FIVE YEAR PLAN( 1980-85) the government identified new areas in which NGO as new actors could participate in development
SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN( 1992-97) I t state that a nationwide network of NGO will be created in order to facilitate the working of this network three schemes relating to the creation replication multiplication & consultancy development have been worked out by the planning commission.
NGOs become more prominent after 1970s
POST 1980 DEVELOMENT-

NGOs can be grouped in following-


1. Traditional-went to villages ,encourage farmers to experiment new crop ,helped weaver ,part of community.e.g. Baba amte leprosy patients central india


1. Researched subjects &lobbed government, petitioned court e.g. center for science & env.


1. ACTIVIST e.g.narmada bachao andolan

Role of NGO - they act as implementers ,catalysts, partners.


* Disaster relief work

* Micro credit operation

* Politicizing issues of poverty, social programs

* Progressive legislation and action e.g. protection of women from domestic violence

* Much celebrated NREGA, ICDS, ICPS, NIRMAL GRAM of government have roots in work of many NGOs.

* India is a large country thereby difficult for government to take care of all activities.

* It develops a region better as it is flexible in adapting local situation.

* Able to recruit experts & highly motivated staff.

* Leadership quality also developed by the active interference of NGO in social activities

* With the help of NGO quite often implementation of program is possible in cost effective manner in areas where government machinery is inadequate.

* Ensure good governance by having peoples participation.

* Monitoring ,criticizing, advocating it is watchdog for government when it comes protection of human rights ,awareness ,fighting social evils ,providing feedback to policy makers.

* Facilitate service delivery.

* Transparency and accountability are key ingredients of governance in NGO sector.

* Advisory role to government

* conduct research on key issues

* policy dialogue engagement

* conduct reviews on development projects

* provides outreach and technical expertise

* formulation of five year plan

* status report on climate change , agriculture ,industry


* Social service provider- government can avoid nitty gritty works of service provision.

* NGO probity gives government approval of good policy.

* it strengthen data collection and management system.

* Mobilizes people for constructive community.

* NGO role in process of implementation of swarna jayanti swarojgar yojana-

* Identification of swarozgaris

* Formation of group

* Group stabilization

* Training and capacity building

* Linkage with bank officials

* Grading process

* Micro credit

* Micro enterprises development

Twelfth five year plan how do voluntary sector contribute-
1) Strengthen democracy and governance through improved participatory representation.
2 ) Advancing rural and urban development through grass root level innovation and
human resources.
3) Transforming inter personal, familial and community space through.
4) Providing platform for dialogue and dissent for appreciation of and respect for difference in opinion and affiliation.
5) Promoting art culture and environment, protection and other forms of public enquiry
It may be said sector should cover space of social defense, social security , social service
and social change.




Self help groups


SHG concept evolved from grameen bank of Bangladesh founded in 1975 by Professor Mohammed yunus.SHG is a small informal homogeneous group of not less than 10 members group. Discusses social community programmes, group saving, rotation of fund bank loan and repayment of loan. SHG have been evidently instrumental in bringing about structural changes in rural economy. As per recent microfinance report released by NABARD as on march 2012 a total number of 79.6 lakh SHG with active bank linkages are operating in India which have been able to ensure involvement of around 9.7crore people of this nation with an aggregate balance Of Rs 6551 crores.


HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
SHG BANK LINKAGE programmes later on recognized as the Indian microfinance Model was officially introduced in Feb. 1992. The real effort to support SHG in India came in late 1990s when central government Introduced Swaranjayanti gram swarozgar yojana based on group approach for rural development .The ninth five year plan of the government of India had given due recognisition on the importance and the relevance of the SHG method to implement developmental Schemes at the grassroots level.

The first organized in SHG was taken in Gujarat in1954 when textile labour association of Ahmedabad formed its women wing and trained them in primary skills. In 1972 it was given a more systematized structure when SEWA stands for self employed womens association was formed as trade union under the leadership of Ela Bhatt

SHG are broadly studied on two basis

1)microfinance

2)microenterprises


NRLM and SHGs

Recently came up NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOODS MISSION propagates universal social mobilization through formation of self help groups. This will ensure that at least one member of each rural B.P.L., household preferably a women member is brought under self help group net. With a view to form strong people institutions NRLM will focus on setting up of federations of SHGs from village panchayats to district level.







OBJECTIVES:-


































CODE OF CONDUCT:-





SELF HELP GROUP MECHANISM:-



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ROLE OF SHG-


* Establish gender equality through economic empowerment of women ,inculcating

* Leadership skills.

* Smooth credit flow

* Act as pressure group to ensure proper functioning of gram panchayats.

* Promote social justice by strengthening the voices of economically vulnerable section

* Promote access to formal banking system

* Social auditing

* Optimum utilization of rural resources

* SHG provide a suitable option for companies if they can be integrated into various functions such as marketing, distribution, of products and services, procurement of various raw material and semi finished materials, production and processing of indigenous products.

* Socio economic changes build functional capacity of poor and marginalized in the field of employment and income generating activities.

* Helps poor to come together to pool their savings and access credit facilities.

* Reduced dependence on money lenders significantly, study on SHG reported a decline in the share of money lenders loan from 66 to 15 % for the members

BENEFITS OF SHG


* Local area understanding

* Can be developed at remote places

* Similar socio economic profile

* Strong integrity &cohesion lead to social movement against ill practices

* Rural poverty alleviation

* Economic empowerment provides confidence for decision making

CHALLENGES


* Uneven distribution of SHG

* Regional imbalances

* Agricultural credit disbursement is low




References-
yojana
12th five year plan
Kurukshetra
The hindu

Name- swati Tiwari