Ø TANK
Ø WELLS
Ø CANAL
TANKS
-
most feasible and widely practiced
method
-
Small in size built by raising bunds
across seasonal streams.
-
Excavated type in WB,ORISSA, BIHAR &
mostly used for raising fishes beside irrigation
-
Get silted up soon so need to be
desilted
-
High rate of evaporation and occupation
of fertile land
-
At many places dried up surface used for
cultivation
-
Most of the tanks are non perennial
-
Karnataka , TN, AP, ORRISA, MAHARASHTRA
have more area under tank irrigation.
WELLS
-
most widely distributed source of
irrigation.
-
water from underground so possible in
areas of low rainfall where adequate amount of GW is present
within the reach of small farmer
-
the great plains, deltaic region of
Krishna, Godavari, narmada, kaveri, Mahanadi and tapti
-
large tracts of peninsula holds little
sub surface water
-
in some parts of Haryana ,Rajasthan , Gujarat,
Punjab ground water is saline so not suitable for irrigation
-
41 % of the net irrigated area
CANAL
-
principal source of irrigation
-
40% of the net irrigated area
-
Require an adequate source of water
supply, allow relief and an extensive command area
-
Inundation canals are taken out of river
without any regulating system at their heads ( to use flood water)
-
Perennial canals take off from perennial
rivers with a weir system (to regulate flow of water)
-
In great plains canals take off from
barrages, while in peninsula large dams
and reservoirs necessary for taking off canals
-
Half of the net canal irrigated area lie
in UP, PUNJAB, HARYANA AND A.P
UTTAR PRADESH
|
Upper and lower ganga canal, eastern
Yamuna canal, sarda canal ramganga canal, betwa canal, agra canal
|
ANDHRA PRADESH
|
Canal system taken off from Krishna,
Godavari,Tungabhadra, dowlaiswaram anicut (Godavari delta), prakasam
barrage(Krishna delta), penner canal,canals of nizamsagar,pochampad project,
nagarjunsagar & Tungabhadra project (mainly irrigate rayalseema
districts)
|
WEST BENGAL
|
DVC (hooghly), mayurakshi,kangsabati
|
TAMIL NADU
|
deltaic regions of tambraparni &
kaveri, grand anicut, katalai high level canal, mettur canal system,lower
bhawani project,manimuthar project(tambraparni)
|
BIHAR
|
Eastern kosi canal, eastern gandak
canal, son canal
|
RAJASTHAN
|
Bikaner canal (satluj), ottu
feeder(ghaggar), bhakra canal, Chambal project canals, rajasthan canal
|
M.P
|
Chambal project , barna project, tawa
project canal
|
KARNATKA
|
Tungabhadra project canals, malprabha
project, ghatprabha project,bhadra project, visvesaraya canal (kaveri)(krishnaarjunsagar
dam)
|
MAHARASHTRA
|
Mutha canal(khadakwasola
reservoir),mula canal , upper Godavari canal, girna canal , nira canal,
pravara canal,ghod and purna canal
|
ORISSA
|
Canals of Mahanadi (hirakund project)
|
KERALA
|
Malampuzha canal, periyar canal, pamba
canal
|
O THEIR SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
- irrigation from temporary dams called
ahars & pynes, spring channels, direct lift from water channels.
*Great
plains and east coastal lowlands have more area under irrigation than the
uplands in the peninsular regions due to greater concentration of the sown area
and availability of more surface and sub surface water.
NATIONAL
WATER POLICY 2002
Ø emphasis
on integrated water resource development.
Ø Management
for optimal and sustainable utilization of water.
Ø Creation
of well developed information system.
Ø Water
conservation, participatory approach on water management
-
Avg annual water availability of country
-1869 billion cubic metre(bcm)
-
Of
which 1123 bcm usable of which 690 bcm surface water rest ground water
-
In bhart nirman emphasis on extension
renovation and modernization (ERM ) & repair renovation and restoration
Accelerated
irrigation benefit programme
-
To gave loan assistance to states to
help in completion of major / medium irrigation project
-
Central loan assistance scheme for
surface minor irrigation schemes of
north eastern states and other hilly states
-
25 % project grant for non special
states and 30% for special states, drought prone tribal areas including.
Hydro
project -2
-
With world bank assistance in 13 states
-
To promote the sustainable and effective
use of hydrological information system(HIS)
COMMAND
AREA DEVELOPMENT AND WATER MANAGEMENT
-
to bridge the gap between irrigation
potential created and utilized through micro level Infrastructure development
for efficient water management and enhancement of agriculture production
-
Assistance of 50:50 basis for
construction activity and 75:25 basis for training activity
-
Parcitipatory approach with water users
association
-
Minimum 10% contribution by the
beneficiary in the cost of construction of field channels, reclamation of water
logged area
-
Flood
management
-
45 mha flood prone area in the country
-
By way of construction of embankment ,
drainage channels town protection works & providing raised platforms
-
100% central assistance to W.B ,Tripura,
N.E states
-
Flood management programme – flood
control, river management drainage development ,flood proofing, anti sea
erosion works
-
A network of flood forcasting and
warning system established by central water commission in major river basins
for flood forcast
-
Advisory
council on artificial recharge of ground water
-
Implementation of 5000 farmer’s participatory
action research programme
-
Organization of national ground water
congress
-
Institute of ground water augmentation
award and national water award
-
Preparation of policy on use of ground
water by industries
-
FPARP technologies –micro irrigation
system (drip and sprinkler), water conservation(jalkund, storage tanks, check
dams, recharging wells), crop diversification, system of rice intensification
(SRI), in-situ soil moisture conservation, micro nutrient management
-
Ministryof water resources constituted bhoomijal
samvardhan puraskars- cash award of 1 lkh.
National water resource council
-
Prime minister chairman, union minister
of water resources vice chairman ,chief ministers of all states secretary
(ministry of water resources)
Central
water commission – 3 technical wings
-
Design and research wing
-
Water planning and project wing
-
River management wing
·
13 regional organizations to carry out
techno-economic appraisal and economic aspects of irrigation, flood control and
multipurpose project proposed by state government
·
All work related to hydrological data
·
Flood forcasting system
·
To advise on basin wise development of
water resources
·
To advise and assist survey and
investigate on designs and schemes on development of river valleys in respect
of power generation , irrigation, flood management , environmental management,
resettlement and rehabilitation, soil conservation, anti water logging
measures, reclamation of alkaline and saline soils, drainage and drinking water
supply
·
To impart training on various aspects of
water resource development
·
Dam safety studies, promotion of modern
data collection techniques such as remote sensing assessment of water erosion
problems
Central
soil and material research station
-
Soil mechanics, rock mechanics,
construction materials
-
Soil dynamics, geotextile, soil
chemistry, rock fill technology, drilling technology
Central
water and power research station
-
Khadakwasla, pune
-
Hydraulic research
-
River engineering, reservoir and
appurtenant structures, coastal and offshore engineering, shiop hydrodynamics,
hydraulic machinery, earth sciences, mathematic modeling
Central
ground water board
-
Disseminate technologies for scientific
and sustainable development and management of india;s ground water resource
including monitoring , assessment, exploration & augmentation
-
RGI scheme provide training, setting up
laboratories , r & d studies
Farraka
barrage project
-
For preservation and management of
kolkata port(bhagirathi hoogly river system)
Bansagar
control board
-
On sone river
-
M.P , U.P , bihar involved
Ganga
flood control commission
-
Headquartered at patna
Upper
Yamuna board
-
MoU between H.P, Haryana, U.P, rajasthan
and nct delhi
-
Allocation of available flow and also
maintain the return flow
-
Three storage project- renuka dam,
Krishna dam, lakhwar vyas project
National
water development agency
- National
perspective plan (NPP) under national common minimum
programme
-
Transferring water from water surplus
basin to water deficit basin by interlinking of rivers
two components
-
1.
Himalya water development component
-
2
.peninsular rivers development component
-
Main river links- ken betwa link (M.P,
U.P involved)
-
Parbati- kali sindh- Chambal link(M.P ,
rajasthan involved)
-
PAR-TAPI NARMADA LINK and damangana –
panjal link (gujrat Maharashtra involved)
-
Godavari- Krishna link (andhrapradesh
involved)
-
Mahanadi – Godavari- Krishna- pennar
kaveri- gundar link system -7 states involved
VIBHOR BACHCHAN
REF. – 1. ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
BY SHARMA & COUTINHO.
2. INDIA 2013
